IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant
Background: Hyper-inflammatory immune response of SARS-CoV-2 is often characterized by the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines with an impact on the expression of numerous other interleukins (ILs). However, from oral and nasal swab samples the specific quantitative association of the diff...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023041920 |
| _version_ | 1797809768068284416 |
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| author | Biswajit Biswas Subhanita Roy Indranath Banerjee Subhasis Jana Bornali Bhattacharjee Suman Chakraborty Arindam Mondal Ritobrata Goswami |
| author_facet | Biswajit Biswas Subhanita Roy Indranath Banerjee Subhasis Jana Bornali Bhattacharjee Suman Chakraborty Arindam Mondal Ritobrata Goswami |
| author_sort | Biswajit Biswas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Hyper-inflammatory immune response of SARS-CoV-2 is often characterized by the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines with an impact on the expression of numerous other interleukins (ILs). However, from oral and nasal swab samples the specific quantitative association of the different IL-markers with the disease progression and its relationship with the status of vaccination remains unclear. Materials and methods: Patients’ combined oral and nasal swab samples were collected from both non-vaccinated and double-vaccinated individuals with high (Ct value < 25) and low (Ct value > 30) viral loads, along with uninfected donors. None of the patients were critically ill, or needed ICU support. The expression of different cytokines (IL6, IL10, IL1B, IFNG) and mucin (MUC5AC, MUC1) markers were assessed between different groups by qRT-PCR. The important cytokine markers differentiating between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were identified by PCA. Conclusion: IL6 expression was higher in non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients infected with delta-variant irrespective of their viral-load compared to uninfected individuals. However, in double-vaccinated patients, only in high viral-load patients (Ct value < 25), IL6 expression increased. In high viral-load patients, irrespective to their vaccination status, IL10 expression was lower compared to the uninfected control group. Surprisingly, IL10 expression was lower in double-vaccinated patients with Ct value > 30. IL1B, and IFNG expression remained unaltered in uninfected and infected individuals. However, MUC5AC expression was lower in non-vaccinated patients with Ct value < 25 compared to control group. Our study unveiled that IL10/IL6 ratio can be used as a biomarker for COVID-19 patients upon proper establishment of it in a clinical setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:57:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-327ed0efd2c1425cb31ddabca9651ce6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:57:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-327ed0efd2c1425cb31ddabca9651ce62023-06-07T04:49:21ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-06-0196e16985IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variantBiswajit Biswas0Subhanita Roy1Indranath Banerjee2Subhasis Jana3Bornali Bhattacharjee4Suman Chakraborty5Arindam Mondal6Ritobrata Goswami7School of Bioscience, IIT Kharagpur, IndiaSchool of Bioscience, IIT Kharagpur, IndiaB.C Roy Technology Hospital, IIT Kharagpur, IndiaPurba Medinipur District Hospital, West Bengal, IndiaSchool of Medicine, Yale University, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, IndiaSchool of Bioscience, IIT Kharagpur, India; Corresponding author. School of Bioscience IIT Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.School of Bioscience, IIT Kharagpur, India; Corresponding author. School of Bioscience, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.Background: Hyper-inflammatory immune response of SARS-CoV-2 is often characterized by the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines with an impact on the expression of numerous other interleukins (ILs). However, from oral and nasal swab samples the specific quantitative association of the different IL-markers with the disease progression and its relationship with the status of vaccination remains unclear. Materials and methods: Patients’ combined oral and nasal swab samples were collected from both non-vaccinated and double-vaccinated individuals with high (Ct value < 25) and low (Ct value > 30) viral loads, along with uninfected donors. None of the patients were critically ill, or needed ICU support. The expression of different cytokines (IL6, IL10, IL1B, IFNG) and mucin (MUC5AC, MUC1) markers were assessed between different groups by qRT-PCR. The important cytokine markers differentiating between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were identified by PCA. Conclusion: IL6 expression was higher in non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients infected with delta-variant irrespective of their viral-load compared to uninfected individuals. However, in double-vaccinated patients, only in high viral-load patients (Ct value < 25), IL6 expression increased. In high viral-load patients, irrespective to their vaccination status, IL10 expression was lower compared to the uninfected control group. Surprisingly, IL10 expression was lower in double-vaccinated patients with Ct value > 30. IL1B, and IFNG expression remained unaltered in uninfected and infected individuals. However, MUC5AC expression was lower in non-vaccinated patients with Ct value < 25 compared to control group. Our study unveiled that IL10/IL6 ratio can be used as a biomarker for COVID-19 patients upon proper establishment of it in a clinical setting.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023041920COVID-19SARS-CoV-2IL-6IL-10Muc5ACVaccination |
| spellingShingle | Biswajit Biswas Subhanita Roy Indranath Banerjee Subhasis Jana Bornali Bhattacharjee Suman Chakraborty Arindam Mondal Ritobrata Goswami IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant Heliyon COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 IL-6 IL-10 Muc5AC Vaccination |
| title | IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant |
| title_full | IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant |
| title_fullStr | IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant |
| title_short | IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant |
| title_sort | il 10 il 6 ratio from nasal amp oral swab samples acts as an inflammatory indicator for covid 19 patients infected with the delta variant |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 IL-6 IL-10 Muc5AC Vaccination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023041920 |
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