A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that performs multiple functions, such as lipid biosynthesis, protein folding, and maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Thus, conditions wherein the ER is unable to fold proteins is defined as ER stress, and an inbuilt quality co...
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/750 |
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| author | Shaik Ismail Mohammed Thangameeran Sheng-Tzung Tsai Hsiang-Yi Hung Wei-Fen Hu Cheng-Yoong Pang Shin-Yuan Chen Hock-Kean Liew |
| author_facet | Shaik Ismail Mohammed Thangameeran Sheng-Tzung Tsai Hsiang-Yi Hung Wei-Fen Hu Cheng-Yoong Pang Shin-Yuan Chen Hock-Kean Liew |
| author_sort | Shaik Ismail Mohammed Thangameeran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that performs multiple functions, such as lipid biosynthesis, protein folding, and maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Thus, conditions wherein the ER is unable to fold proteins is defined as ER stress, and an inbuilt quality control mechanism, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated during ER stress, which serves as a recovery system that inhibits protein synthesis. Further, based on the severity of ER stress, the response could involve both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic phases. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of cerebral stroke and many lines of evidence have suggested a role for the ER in major neurological disorders. The injury mechanism during ICH includes hematoma formation, which in turn leads to inflammation, elevated intracranial pressure, and edema. A proper understanding of the injury mechanism(s) is required to effectively treat ICH and closing the gap between our current understanding of ER stress mechanisms and ICH injury can lead to valuable advances in the clinical management of ICH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:18:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3282cee11d5848d3b9cbbe7baa7b0559 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:18:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-3282cee11d5848d3b9cbbe7baa7b05592023-09-03T02:22:26ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-03-019375010.3390/cells9030750cells9030750A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral HemorrhageShaik Ismail Mohammed Thangameeran0Sheng-Tzung Tsai1Hsiang-Yi Hung2Wei-Fen Hu3Cheng-Yoong Pang4Shin-Yuan Chen5Hock-Kean Liew6Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, TaiwanInstitute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, TaiwanPhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, TaiwanInstitute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, TaiwanInstitute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, TaiwanNeuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, TaiwanThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that performs multiple functions, such as lipid biosynthesis, protein folding, and maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Thus, conditions wherein the ER is unable to fold proteins is defined as ER stress, and an inbuilt quality control mechanism, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated during ER stress, which serves as a recovery system that inhibits protein synthesis. Further, based on the severity of ER stress, the response could involve both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic phases. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of cerebral stroke and many lines of evidence have suggested a role for the ER in major neurological disorders. The injury mechanism during ICH includes hematoma formation, which in turn leads to inflammation, elevated intracranial pressure, and edema. A proper understanding of the injury mechanism(s) is required to effectively treat ICH and closing the gap between our current understanding of ER stress mechanisms and ICH injury can lead to valuable advances in the clinical management of ICH.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/750intracerebral hemorrhageer stressunfolded protein responseneuroinflammationnecroptosisferroptosispyroptosis |
| spellingShingle | Shaik Ismail Mohammed Thangameeran Sheng-Tzung Tsai Hsiang-Yi Hung Wei-Fen Hu Cheng-Yoong Pang Shin-Yuan Chen Hock-Kean Liew A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Cells intracerebral hemorrhage er stress unfolded protein response neuroinflammation necroptosis ferroptosis pyroptosis |
| title | A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| title_full | A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| title_fullStr | A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| title_short | A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| title_sort | role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in intracerebral hemorrhage |
| topic | intracerebral hemorrhage er stress unfolded protein response neuroinflammation necroptosis ferroptosis pyroptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/750 |
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