Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs
Beneficial effects of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been reported. The objectives of this current research were to investigate the effects of <i>n</i>-3 supplementation on metabolic factors, weight, and body mass in...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/742 |
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| author | Leila Khalili Roxana Valdes-Ramos Laurence S. Harbige |
| author_facet | Leila Khalili Roxana Valdes-Ramos Laurence S. Harbige |
| author_sort | Leila Khalili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beneficial effects of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been reported. The objectives of this current research were to investigate the effects of <i>n</i>-3 supplementation on metabolic factors, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). Online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched until 2021 to identify eligible articles. Thirty trials were included. The results showed that <i>n</i>-3 consumption can significantly reduce glycemic factors including fasting blood sugar (FBS) (−0.36 (−0.71 to −0.01)), glycated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) (−0.74 (−1.13 to −0.35)), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (−0.58 (−1.13 to −0.03)). Furthermore, significant improvement in lipid profile including triglycerides (TG) (−0.27 (−0.37 to −0.18)), total cholesterol (−0.60 (−0.88 to −0.32)), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (−0.54 (−0.85 to −0.23)), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.60 (0.23 to 0.96)) levels were found in the present meta-analysis. The reduction in the inflammatory marker’s tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (−0.13 (−0.75 to 0.48)) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (−0.72 (−1.70 to 0.27)), as well as weight (−0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07)) and BMI (−0.13 (−0.29 to 0.02)) were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the optimal dose and duration of <i>n</i>-3 consumption for patients with T2DM is 1000–2000 mg/d for more than 8 weeks. The present meta-analysis and review reveals that <i>n</i>-3 supplementation can improve glycemic factors and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, <i>n</i>-3 supplementation may provide beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and body weight if used at the appropriate dose and duration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:16:31Z |
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| id | doaj.art-32902911b1b14aa4b5d663b1fd87f7c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:16:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-32902911b1b14aa4b5d663b1fd87f7c22023-11-23T00:20:52ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-10-01111174210.3390/metabo11110742Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTsLeila Khalili0Roxana Valdes-Ramos1Laurence S. Harbige2Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, IranLider del Cuerpo Academico de Nutricion y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Paseo Tollocan, esq. Jesus Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 52180, MexicoLipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UKBeneficial effects of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been reported. The objectives of this current research were to investigate the effects of <i>n</i>-3 supplementation on metabolic factors, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). Online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched until 2021 to identify eligible articles. Thirty trials were included. The results showed that <i>n</i>-3 consumption can significantly reduce glycemic factors including fasting blood sugar (FBS) (−0.36 (−0.71 to −0.01)), glycated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) (−0.74 (−1.13 to −0.35)), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (−0.58 (−1.13 to −0.03)). Furthermore, significant improvement in lipid profile including triglycerides (TG) (−0.27 (−0.37 to −0.18)), total cholesterol (−0.60 (−0.88 to −0.32)), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (−0.54 (−0.85 to −0.23)), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.60 (0.23 to 0.96)) levels were found in the present meta-analysis. The reduction in the inflammatory marker’s tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (−0.13 (−0.75 to 0.48)) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (−0.72 (−1.70 to 0.27)), as well as weight (−0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07)) and BMI (−0.13 (−0.29 to 0.02)) were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the optimal dose and duration of <i>n</i>-3 consumption for patients with T2DM is 1000–2000 mg/d for more than 8 weeks. The present meta-analysis and review reveals that <i>n</i>-3 supplementation can improve glycemic factors and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, <i>n</i>-3 supplementation may provide beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and body weight if used at the appropriate dose and duration.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/742meta-analysis<i>n</i>-3polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAT2DMdiabetesrandomized controlled trials RCTs |
| spellingShingle | Leila Khalili Roxana Valdes-Ramos Laurence S. Harbige Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs Metabolites meta-analysis <i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA T2DM diabetes randomized controlled trials RCTs |
| title | Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs |
| title_full | Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs |
| title_fullStr | Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs |
| title_short | Effect of <i>n</i>-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs |
| title_sort | effect of i n i 3 omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus a systematic review and meta analysis of rcts |
| topic | meta-analysis <i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA T2DM diabetes randomized controlled trials RCTs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/742 |
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