Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models
Abstract Background Scar and vulnerability models assert that increased psychopathology may predict subsequent executive functioning (EF) deficits (and vice versa) over protracted timescales, yet most prior work on this topic has been cross-sectional. Thus, we tested the within- and between-person...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2021-01-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022173/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1811156361653780480 |
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| author | Nur Hani Zainal Michelle G. Newman |
| author_facet | Nur Hani Zainal Michelle G. Newman |
| author_sort | Nur Hani Zainal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Abstract
Background
Scar and vulnerability models assert that increased psychopathology may predict subsequent executive functioning (EF) deficits (and vice versa) over protracted timescales, yet most prior work on this topic has been cross-sectional. Thus, we tested the within- and between-person relations between EF, depression, and anxiety.
Methods
Older adult participants (n = 856) were assessed across four waves, approximately 2 years apart. Performance-based EF and caregiver-rated symptom measures were administered. Bivariate latent change score and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were conducted.
Results
Within persons, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed that prior greater depression forecasted lower subsequent EF, and vice versa (d = −0.292 vs. −0.292). Bivariate dual latent change score models showed that within-person rise in depression predicted EF decreases, and vice versa (d = −0.245 vs. −0.245). No within-person, cross-lagged, EF-anxiety relations emerged. Further, significant negative between-person EF-symptom relations were observed (d = −0.264 to −0.395).
Conclusion
Prospective, within-person findings offer some evidence for developmental scar and vulnerability models.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:49:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3290ee09d1c04a75aa12ba405206a396 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:49:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-3290ee09d1c04a75aa12ba405206a3962023-03-09T12:33:55ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852021-01-016410.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2217Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged modelsNur Hani Zainal0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-3173Michelle G. Newman1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0873-1409National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Campus, SingaporeThe Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA Abstract Background Scar and vulnerability models assert that increased psychopathology may predict subsequent executive functioning (EF) deficits (and vice versa) over protracted timescales, yet most prior work on this topic has been cross-sectional. Thus, we tested the within- and between-person relations between EF, depression, and anxiety. Methods Older adult participants (n = 856) were assessed across four waves, approximately 2 years apart. Performance-based EF and caregiver-rated symptom measures were administered. Bivariate latent change score and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were conducted. Results Within persons, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed that prior greater depression forecasted lower subsequent EF, and vice versa (d = −0.292 vs. −0.292). Bivariate dual latent change score models showed that within-person rise in depression predicted EF decreases, and vice versa (d = −0.245 vs. −0.245). No within-person, cross-lagged, EF-anxiety relations emerged. Further, significant negative between-person EF-symptom relations were observed (d = −0.264 to −0.395). Conclusion Prospective, within-person findings offer some evidence for developmental scar and vulnerability models. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022173/type/journal_articleanxietydepressionexecutive functioninglatent changerandom-intercept cross-lagged panel models |
| spellingShingle | Nur Hani Zainal Michelle G. Newman Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models European Psychiatry anxiety depression executive functioning latent change random-intercept cross-lagged panel models |
| title | Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models |
| title_full | Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models |
| title_fullStr | Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models |
| title_short | Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models |
| title_sort | depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years evidence from within person latent change and cross lagged models |
| topic | anxiety depression executive functioning latent change random-intercept cross-lagged panel models |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022173/type/journal_article |
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