Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging
Chemical plume detection and modeling in complex terrain present numerous challenges. We present experimental results from outdoor releases of two chemical tracers (sulfur hexafluoride and Freon-152a) from different locations in mountainous terrain. Chemical plumes were detected using two standoff i...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3756 |
| _version_ | 1797432690824183808 |
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| author | Mark C. Phillips Bruce E. Bernacki Patrick T. Conry Michael J. Brown |
| author_facet | Mark C. Phillips Bruce E. Bernacki Patrick T. Conry Michael J. Brown |
| author_sort | Mark C. Phillips |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemical plume detection and modeling in complex terrain present numerous challenges. We present experimental results from outdoor releases of two chemical tracers (sulfur hexafluoride and Freon-152a) from different locations in mountainous terrain. Chemical plumes were detected using two standoff instruments collocated at a distance of 1.5 km from the plume releases. A passive long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system was used to show time- and space-resolved plume transport in regions near the source. An active infrared swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser system was used in a standoff configuration to measure quantitative chemical column densities with high time resolution and high sensitivity along a single measurement path. Both instruments provided chemical-specific detection of the plumes and provided complementary information over different temporal and spatial scales. The results show highly variable plume propagation dynamics near the release points, strongly dependent on the local topography and winds. Effects of plume stagnation, plume splitting, and plume mixing were all observed and are explained based on local topographic and wind conditions. Measured plume column densities at distances ~100 m from the release point show temporal fluctuations over ~1 s time scales and spatial variations over ~1 m length scales. The results highlight the need for high-speed and spatially resolved measurement techniques to provide validation data at the relevant spatial and temporal scales required for high-fidelity terrain-aware microscale plume propagation models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:05:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32a7872ebe9d41ecb53e2269dbdcd1dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:05:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-32a7872ebe9d41ecb53e2269dbdcd1dd2023-12-01T23:08:39ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-08-011415375610.3390/rs14153756Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral ImagingMark C. Phillips0Bruce E. Bernacki1Patrick T. Conry2Michael J. Brown3Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USALos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USALos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USAChemical plume detection and modeling in complex terrain present numerous challenges. We present experimental results from outdoor releases of two chemical tracers (sulfur hexafluoride and Freon-152a) from different locations in mountainous terrain. Chemical plumes were detected using two standoff instruments collocated at a distance of 1.5 km from the plume releases. A passive long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system was used to show time- and space-resolved plume transport in regions near the source. An active infrared swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser system was used in a standoff configuration to measure quantitative chemical column densities with high time resolution and high sensitivity along a single measurement path. Both instruments provided chemical-specific detection of the plumes and provided complementary information over different temporal and spatial scales. The results show highly variable plume propagation dynamics near the release points, strongly dependent on the local topography and winds. Effects of plume stagnation, plume splitting, and plume mixing were all observed and are explained based on local topographic and wind conditions. Measured plume column densities at distances ~100 m from the release point show temporal fluctuations over ~1 s time scales and spatial variations over ~1 m length scales. The results highlight the need for high-speed and spatially resolved measurement techniques to provide validation data at the relevant spatial and temporal scales required for high-fidelity terrain-aware microscale plume propagation models.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3756hyperspectral imaginglaser spectroscopyinfraredplume detectionquantum cascade laserchemical sensing |
| spellingShingle | Mark C. Phillips Bruce E. Bernacki Patrick T. Conry Michael J. Brown Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging Remote Sensing hyperspectral imaging laser spectroscopy infrared plume detection quantum cascade laser chemical sensing |
| title | Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging |
| title_full | Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging |
| title_fullStr | Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging |
| title_short | Standoff Infrared Measurements of Chemical Plume Dynamics in Complex Terrain Using a Combination of Active Swept-ECQCL Laser Spectroscopy with Passive Hyperspectral Imaging |
| title_sort | standoff infrared measurements of chemical plume dynamics in complex terrain using a combination of active swept ecqcl laser spectroscopy with passive hyperspectral imaging |
| topic | hyperspectral imaging laser spectroscopy infrared plume detection quantum cascade laser chemical sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3756 |
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