Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water
Understanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log<sub>10</sub> redu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3149 |
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| author | Daryl P. Stevens Vivek Daniel Esmaeil Shahsavari Arturo Aburto-Medina Sarvesh K. Soni Leadin S. Khudur Basma Khallaf Aravind Surapaneni Jonathan Schmidt Alexandra Keegan Nicholas D. Crosbie Judy Blackbeard James Hampton Dan Deere Nick O’Connor Andrew S. Ball |
| author_facet | Daryl P. Stevens Vivek Daniel Esmaeil Shahsavari Arturo Aburto-Medina Sarvesh K. Soni Leadin S. Khudur Basma Khallaf Aravind Surapaneni Jonathan Schmidt Alexandra Keegan Nicholas D. Crosbie Judy Blackbeard James Hampton Dan Deere Nick O’Connor Andrew S. Ball |
| author_sort | Daryl P. Stevens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log<sub>10</sub> reduction value (LRV) in HE concentration during the production of recycled water from sewage to achieve the guideline concentration of ≤1.0 HE/L. The total concentration of HE in sewage reaches thousands of HE/L in developing countries and therefore, an LRV of 4.0 is generally accepted to achieve a safe concentration in recycled water, as this will meet the guideline value. However, in many developed countries with good sanitation and public health standards, the HE concentration in sewage is generally <10 HE/L. Therefore, validation of the sewage treatment process relied on to achieve an LRV of 4.0 can be difficult. Because of these limitations, design equations to predict LRVs from hydraulic retention times (HRT), which are geographically non-specific, are commonly relied on to ensure the production of safe quality recycled water with respect to HE. However, these design equations could be further refined by defining the design and management of the treatment process in greater detail and thus be used more effectively for determining the LRV required. This paper discusses the limitations and possible improvements that could be applied to LRV design equations for predicting HE removal at WWTPs and identifies the data requirements to support these improvements. Several options for LRV design equations are proposed that could be validated experimentally or via the ongoing operation of WWTPs. These improvements have the potential to assist the rationalization of the HE removal requirements for specific treatment options, exposure scenarios and use of recycled water in agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:57:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32aa32cb09d347daaa87d6fa7fde829b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:57:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-32aa32cb09d347daaa87d6fa7fde829b2023-11-23T01:59:03ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-11-011322314910.3390/w13223149Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled WaterDaryl P. Stevens0Vivek Daniel1Esmaeil Shahsavari2Arturo Aburto-Medina3Sarvesh K. Soni4Leadin S. Khudur5Basma Khallaf6Aravind Surapaneni7Jonathan Schmidt8Alexandra Keegan9Nicholas D. Crosbie10Judy Blackbeard11James Hampton12Dan Deere13Nick O’Connor14Andrew S. Ball15Atura Pty Ltd., Mount Martha, VIC 3934, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, AustraliaSouth East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, AustraliaSA Water, Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaMelbourne Water, Docklands, VIC 3008, AustraliaMelbourne Water, Docklands, VIC 3008, AustraliaSouth East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, AustraliaWater Futures, Pymble, NSW 2073, AustraliaEcos Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd., Templestowe, VIC 3106, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaUnderstanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log<sub>10</sub> reduction value (LRV) in HE concentration during the production of recycled water from sewage to achieve the guideline concentration of ≤1.0 HE/L. The total concentration of HE in sewage reaches thousands of HE/L in developing countries and therefore, an LRV of 4.0 is generally accepted to achieve a safe concentration in recycled water, as this will meet the guideline value. However, in many developed countries with good sanitation and public health standards, the HE concentration in sewage is generally <10 HE/L. Therefore, validation of the sewage treatment process relied on to achieve an LRV of 4.0 can be difficult. Because of these limitations, design equations to predict LRVs from hydraulic retention times (HRT), which are geographically non-specific, are commonly relied on to ensure the production of safe quality recycled water with respect to HE. However, these design equations could be further refined by defining the design and management of the treatment process in greater detail and thus be used more effectively for determining the LRV required. This paper discusses the limitations and possible improvements that could be applied to LRV design equations for predicting HE removal at WWTPs and identifies the data requirements to support these improvements. Several options for LRV design equations are proposed that could be validated experimentally or via the ongoing operation of WWTPs. These improvements have the potential to assist the rationalization of the HE removal requirements for specific treatment options, exposure scenarios and use of recycled water in agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3149helmintheggsewagelog reduction valuerecycled watertreatment |
| spellingShingle | Daryl P. Stevens Vivek Daniel Esmaeil Shahsavari Arturo Aburto-Medina Sarvesh K. Soni Leadin S. Khudur Basma Khallaf Aravind Surapaneni Jonathan Schmidt Alexandra Keegan Nicholas D. Crosbie Judy Blackbeard James Hampton Dan Deere Nick O’Connor Andrew S. Ball Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water Water helminth egg sewage log reduction value recycled water treatment |
| title | Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water |
| title_full | Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water |
| title_short | Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water |
| title_sort | improvement of log reduction values design equations for helminth egg management in recycled water |
| topic | helminth egg sewage log reduction value recycled water treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3149 |
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