Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits
We investigate the estimation of the fractional cycle biases (FCBs) for GPS triple-frequency uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution (AR) based on the IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU) orbits. The impact of the IGU orbit errors on the performance of GPS triple-frequency PP...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3164 |
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| author | Lizhong Qu Pu Zhang Changfeng Jing Mingyi Du Jian Wang Qile Zhao Juanjuan Li |
| author_facet | Lizhong Qu Pu Zhang Changfeng Jing Mingyi Du Jian Wang Qile Zhao Juanjuan Li |
| author_sort | Lizhong Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigate the estimation of the fractional cycle biases (FCBs) for GPS triple-frequency uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution (AR) based on the IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU) orbits. The impact of the IGU orbit errors on the performance of GPS triple-frequency PPP AR is also assessed. The extra-wide-lane (EWL), wide-lane (WL) and narrow-lane (NL) FCBs are generated with the single difference (SD) between satellites model using the global reference stations based on the IGU orbits. For comparison purposes, the EWL, WL and NL FCBs based on the IGS final precise (IGF) orbits are estimated. Each of the EWL, WL and NL FCBs based on IGF and IGU orbits are converted to the uncombined FCBs to implement the static and kinematic triple-frequency PPP AR. Due to the short wavelengths of NL ambiguities, the IGU orbit errors significantly impact the precision and stability of NL FCBs. An average STD of 0.033 cycles is achieved for the NL FCBs based on IGF orbits, while the value of the NL FCBs based on IGU orbits is 0.133 cycles. In contrast, the EWL and WL FCBs generated based on IGU orbits have comparable precision and stability to those generated based on IGF orbits. The use of IGU orbits results in an increased time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and lower fixing rates compared to the use of IGF orbits. Average TTFFs of 23.3 min (static) and 31.1 min (kinematic) and fixing rates of 98.1% (static) and 97.4% (kinematic) are achieved for the triple-frequency PPP AR based on IGF orbits. The average TTFFs increase to 27.0 min (static) and 37.9 min (kinematic) with fixing rates of 97.0% (static) and 96.3% (kinematic) based on the IGU orbits. The convergence times and positioning accuracy of PPP and PPP AR based on IGU orbits are slightly worse than those based on IGF orbits. Additionally, limited by the number of satellites transmitting three frequency signals, the introduction of the third frequency, L5, has a marginal impact on the performance of PPP and PPP AR. The GPS triple-frequency PPP AR performance is expected to improve with the deployment of new-generation satellites capable of transmitting the L5 signal. |
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| id | doaj.art-32b3404e94484502bcdfb5bb9fdf8581 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:25:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-32b3404e94484502bcdfb5bb9fdf85812023-11-22T09:33:02ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-08-011316316410.3390/rs13163164Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted OrbitsLizhong Qu0Pu Zhang1Changfeng Jing2Mingyi Du3Jian Wang4Qile Zhao5Juanjuan Li6School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Beijing 100044, ChinaGNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China54th Research Institution, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, 589 Zhongshanxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, ChinaWe investigate the estimation of the fractional cycle biases (FCBs) for GPS triple-frequency uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution (AR) based on the IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU) orbits. The impact of the IGU orbit errors on the performance of GPS triple-frequency PPP AR is also assessed. The extra-wide-lane (EWL), wide-lane (WL) and narrow-lane (NL) FCBs are generated with the single difference (SD) between satellites model using the global reference stations based on the IGU orbits. For comparison purposes, the EWL, WL and NL FCBs based on the IGS final precise (IGF) orbits are estimated. Each of the EWL, WL and NL FCBs based on IGF and IGU orbits are converted to the uncombined FCBs to implement the static and kinematic triple-frequency PPP AR. Due to the short wavelengths of NL ambiguities, the IGU orbit errors significantly impact the precision and stability of NL FCBs. An average STD of 0.033 cycles is achieved for the NL FCBs based on IGF orbits, while the value of the NL FCBs based on IGU orbits is 0.133 cycles. In contrast, the EWL and WL FCBs generated based on IGU orbits have comparable precision and stability to those generated based on IGF orbits. The use of IGU orbits results in an increased time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and lower fixing rates compared to the use of IGF orbits. Average TTFFs of 23.3 min (static) and 31.1 min (kinematic) and fixing rates of 98.1% (static) and 97.4% (kinematic) are achieved for the triple-frequency PPP AR based on IGF orbits. The average TTFFs increase to 27.0 min (static) and 37.9 min (kinematic) with fixing rates of 97.0% (static) and 96.3% (kinematic) based on the IGU orbits. The convergence times and positioning accuracy of PPP and PPP AR based on IGU orbits are slightly worse than those based on IGF orbits. Additionally, limited by the number of satellites transmitting three frequency signals, the introduction of the third frequency, L5, has a marginal impact on the performance of PPP and PPP AR. The GPS triple-frequency PPP AR performance is expected to improve with the deployment of new-generation satellites capable of transmitting the L5 signal.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3164GPS triple-frequencyfractional cycle biases (FCBs)uncombined precise point positioning (PPP)ambiguity resolution (AR)IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU) orbits |
| spellingShingle | Lizhong Qu Pu Zhang Changfeng Jing Mingyi Du Jian Wang Qile Zhao Juanjuan Li Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits Remote Sensing GPS triple-frequency fractional cycle biases (FCBs) uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR) IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU) orbits |
| title | Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits |
| title_full | Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits |
| title_fullStr | Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits |
| title_short | Estimating the Fractional Cycle Biases for GPS Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Based on IGS Ultra-Rapid Predicted Orbits |
| title_sort | estimating the fractional cycle biases for gps triple frequency precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution based on igs ultra rapid predicted orbits |
| topic | GPS triple-frequency fractional cycle biases (FCBs) uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR) IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU) orbits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3164 |
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