Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics, with the lack of control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) being the main contributing factor. The CVRFs of greatest clinical interest are high blood pressure (HBP), smok...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/21/6944 |
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| author | Jennifer Sacramento-Pacheco María Begoña Sánchez-Gómez Juan Gómez-Salgado María Mercedes Novo-Muñoz Gonzalo Duarte-Clíments |
| author_facet | Jennifer Sacramento-Pacheco María Begoña Sánchez-Gómez Juan Gómez-Salgado María Mercedes Novo-Muñoz Gonzalo Duarte-Clíments |
| author_sort | Jennifer Sacramento-Pacheco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics, with the lack of control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) being the main contributing factor. The CVRFs of greatest clinical interest are high blood pressure (HBP), smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM2), overweight, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary lifestyle. The main objective of this review was to compare the prevalence of the different CVRFs according to population-based studies carried out in Spain. For this, a systematic review based on publications assessing CVRFs in the adult population and estimating their national prevalence was conducted. Pubmed and Dialnet databases were consulted, and the selected articles were analysed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español (CASPe) tool for cohort studies and the Berra et al. tool for cross-sectional studies. A total of 33 studies were obtained from the autonomous regions of Andalusia, the Canary Islands, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia, and Navarra. In all the population-based studies, there was a greater representation of women in the sample. The most prevalent CVRFs differed across the studies according to the autonomous region targeted, with dyslipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, overweight, and obesity standing out. Numerous differences exist between the studies included in this review, such as the age range, the CVRFs analysed and their prevalence, and remarkable aspects such as the over-representation of the female sex in all cases. It can be concluded that, based on the presented results, the prevalence of CVRFs in Spain varies according to the autonomous region, the sex of the individual, and the studied age range. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:26:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32b4ad0a2fd3451194242d68e29adb94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:26:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-32b4ad0a2fd3451194242d68e29adb942023-11-10T15:06:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-11-011221694410.3390/jcm12216944Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic ReviewJennifer Sacramento-Pacheco0María Begoña Sánchez-Gómez1Juan Gómez-Salgado2María Mercedes Novo-Muñoz3Gonzalo Duarte-Clíments4Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Nursing University School, University of La Laguna, 38010 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainCátedra de Enfermería, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainDepartment of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainCátedra de Enfermería, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics, with the lack of control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) being the main contributing factor. The CVRFs of greatest clinical interest are high blood pressure (HBP), smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM2), overweight, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary lifestyle. The main objective of this review was to compare the prevalence of the different CVRFs according to population-based studies carried out in Spain. For this, a systematic review based on publications assessing CVRFs in the adult population and estimating their national prevalence was conducted. Pubmed and Dialnet databases were consulted, and the selected articles were analysed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español (CASPe) tool for cohort studies and the Berra et al. tool for cross-sectional studies. A total of 33 studies were obtained from the autonomous regions of Andalusia, the Canary Islands, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia, and Navarra. In all the population-based studies, there was a greater representation of women in the sample. The most prevalent CVRFs differed across the studies according to the autonomous region targeted, with dyslipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, overweight, and obesity standing out. Numerous differences exist between the studies included in this review, such as the age range, the CVRFs analysed and their prevalence, and remarkable aspects such as the over-representation of the female sex in all cases. It can be concluded that, based on the presented results, the prevalence of CVRFs in Spain varies according to the autonomous region, the sex of the individual, and the studied age range.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/21/6944heart diseasecardiovascular diseaseprevalencecardiovascular risk factorsSpain |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer Sacramento-Pacheco María Begoña Sánchez-Gómez Juan Gómez-Salgado María Mercedes Novo-Muñoz Gonzalo Duarte-Clíments Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review Journal of Clinical Medicine heart disease cardiovascular disease prevalence cardiovascular risk factors Spain |
| title | Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in spain a systematic review |
| topic | heart disease cardiovascular disease prevalence cardiovascular risk factors Spain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/21/6944 |
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