Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes
Zebrafish, Denio rerio, could be an alternative to other classic animal models for human infectious diseases to examine the processes of microbial infections and host-pathogen interactions in vivo because of their small body dimension but large clutch size. We established germ-free zebrafish infecti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00373/full |
| _version_ | 1818060300189958144 |
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| author | Ying eShan Chun eFang Changyong eCheng Yong eWang Jinrong ePeng Weihuan eFang |
| author_facet | Ying eShan Chun eFang Changyong eCheng Yong eWang Jinrong ePeng Weihuan eFang |
| author_sort | Ying eShan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zebrafish, Denio rerio, could be an alternative to other classic animal models for human infectious diseases to examine the processes of microbial infections and host-pathogen interactions in vivo because of their small body dimension but large clutch size. We established germ-free zebrafish infection models of Listeria monocytogenes through different routes of infection: oral immersion and injection via yolk sac, brain ventricle and blood island. Immersion of zebrafish larva even with 1010CFU/mL L. monocytogenes EGDe strain in egg water was unable to cause mortality, but GFP-expressing bacteria in the gut lumen could be observed in frozen sections. Several selected maker genes of the innate immune system, including cyp1a, irg1l, il1b and mmp9, were significantly induced by oral immersion not only with strain EGDe, but also with strain M7 and L. innocua, though to a lesser degree (P < 0.01). Such induction appears to be transient with peak at 48 h post-infection, but returned to basal level at 72 h post-infection. Of the three injection routes, mortality after infection by yolk sac was 80% in early stage of infection. Few eggs could survive and hatch. Injection into zebrafish embryos via brain ventricle or blood island led to progressive lethal infection. L. mocytogenes EGDe showed steady replication in the fish embryos and was far more pathogenic than strain M7, which is consistent with findings in the murine model. We conclude that zebrafish could serve as susceptible and microscopically visible infection models for L. monocytogenes via different routes and could be applied to further studies on the interactions between bacterial virulence factors and host immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:30:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32c25323965a45d68e965c7114ad7803 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:30:13Z |
| publishDate | 2015-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-32c25323965a45d68e965c7114ad78032022-12-22T01:47:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2015-04-01610.3389/fmicb.2015.00373135607Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genesYing eShan0Chun eFang1Changyong eCheng2Yong eWang3Jinrong ePeng4Weihuan eFang5Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityKey Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang UniversityKey Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityZebrafish, Denio rerio, could be an alternative to other classic animal models for human infectious diseases to examine the processes of microbial infections and host-pathogen interactions in vivo because of their small body dimension but large clutch size. We established germ-free zebrafish infection models of Listeria monocytogenes through different routes of infection: oral immersion and injection via yolk sac, brain ventricle and blood island. Immersion of zebrafish larva even with 1010CFU/mL L. monocytogenes EGDe strain in egg water was unable to cause mortality, but GFP-expressing bacteria in the gut lumen could be observed in frozen sections. Several selected maker genes of the innate immune system, including cyp1a, irg1l, il1b and mmp9, were significantly induced by oral immersion not only with strain EGDe, but also with strain M7 and L. innocua, though to a lesser degree (P < 0.01). Such induction appears to be transient with peak at 48 h post-infection, but returned to basal level at 72 h post-infection. Of the three injection routes, mortality after infection by yolk sac was 80% in early stage of infection. Few eggs could survive and hatch. Injection into zebrafish embryos via brain ventricle or blood island led to progressive lethal infection. L. mocytogenes EGDe showed steady replication in the fish embryos and was far more pathogenic than strain M7, which is consistent with findings in the murine model. We conclude that zebrafish could serve as susceptible and microscopically visible infection models for L. monocytogenes via different routes and could be applied to further studies on the interactions between bacterial virulence factors and host immune responses.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00373/fullImmersionListeria monocytogenesInfection modelInnate immune responsesGerm-free zebrafish |
| spellingShingle | Ying eShan Chun eFang Changyong eCheng Yong eWang Jinrong ePeng Weihuan eFang Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes Frontiers in Microbiology Immersion Listeria monocytogenes Infection model Innate immune responses Germ-free zebrafish |
| title | Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes |
| title_full | Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes |
| title_fullStr | Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes |
| title_short | Immersion infection of germ-free zebrafish with Listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes |
| title_sort | immersion infection of germ free zebrafish with listeria monocytogenes induces transient expression of innate immune response genes |
| topic | Immersion Listeria monocytogenes Infection model Innate immune responses Germ-free zebrafish |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00373/full |
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