Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice
The retrieval of fear memories induces two opposing processes, reconsolidation, and extinction. The memory reconsolidation is an active process that involves gene expression and updates an existing memory. It is hypothesized that blockade of reconsolidation by manipulating the neurobiological factor...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1030702/full |
| _version_ | 1797961907726974976 |
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| author | Ran Inoue Ran Inoue Xiance Ni Xiance Ni Hisashi Mori Hisashi Mori |
| author_facet | Ran Inoue Ran Inoue Xiance Ni Xiance Ni Hisashi Mori Hisashi Mori |
| author_sort | Ran Inoue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The retrieval of fear memories induces two opposing processes, reconsolidation, and extinction. The memory reconsolidation is an active process that involves gene expression and updates an existing memory. It is hypothesized that blockade of reconsolidation by manipulating the neurobiological factors, which are mechanistically involved in the process, could weaken or disrupt the original fear memory. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and hippocampal neurogenesis play crucial roles in hippocampus-dependent memory processes, including reconsolidation. Using contextual fear conditioning paradigm with multiple retrievals, we attempted to weaken the original contextual fear memory by repeatedly disrupting retrieval-induced reconsolidation via downregulation of NMDA receptor signaling and inhibition of neurogenesis. In the first experiment, prior to fear conditioning, NMDA receptor signaling was downregulated by the genetic reduction of its co-agonist, D-serine, and the neurogenesis was dampened by focal X-ray irradiation on the hippocampus. We found that simultaneous D-serine reduction and neurogenesis dampening resulted in a progressive decrease in freezing following each retrieval, leading to an attenuation of remote contextual fear memory on day 28. In the second experiment using the same behavioral protocols, after conditioning, pharmacological approaches were conducted to simultaneously block D-serine signaling and neurogenesis, resulting in a similar suppressive effect on the remote fear memory. The present findings provide insights for understanding the role of D-serine-mediated NMDA receptor signaling and neurogenesis in memory retrieval and the maintenance of remote fear memory, and improving the efficacy of exposure-based therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:06:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32c4c2641f1f42cbbac3c6139b53b8d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:06:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-32c4c2641f1f42cbbac3c6139b53b8d02023-01-04T12:33:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-01-011610.3389/fnins.2022.10307021030702Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male miceRan Inoue0Ran Inoue1Xiance Ni2Xiance Ni3Hisashi Mori4Hisashi Mori5Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanGraduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanThe retrieval of fear memories induces two opposing processes, reconsolidation, and extinction. The memory reconsolidation is an active process that involves gene expression and updates an existing memory. It is hypothesized that blockade of reconsolidation by manipulating the neurobiological factors, which are mechanistically involved in the process, could weaken or disrupt the original fear memory. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and hippocampal neurogenesis play crucial roles in hippocampus-dependent memory processes, including reconsolidation. Using contextual fear conditioning paradigm with multiple retrievals, we attempted to weaken the original contextual fear memory by repeatedly disrupting retrieval-induced reconsolidation via downregulation of NMDA receptor signaling and inhibition of neurogenesis. In the first experiment, prior to fear conditioning, NMDA receptor signaling was downregulated by the genetic reduction of its co-agonist, D-serine, and the neurogenesis was dampened by focal X-ray irradiation on the hippocampus. We found that simultaneous D-serine reduction and neurogenesis dampening resulted in a progressive decrease in freezing following each retrieval, leading to an attenuation of remote contextual fear memory on day 28. In the second experiment using the same behavioral protocols, after conditioning, pharmacological approaches were conducted to simultaneously block D-serine signaling and neurogenesis, resulting in a similar suppressive effect on the remote fear memory. The present findings provide insights for understanding the role of D-serine-mediated NMDA receptor signaling and neurogenesis in memory retrieval and the maintenance of remote fear memory, and improving the efficacy of exposure-based therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1030702/fullD-serinehippocampal neurogenesisreconsolidationmultiple retrievalsremote memory |
| spellingShingle | Ran Inoue Ran Inoue Xiance Ni Xiance Ni Hisashi Mori Hisashi Mori Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice Frontiers in Neuroscience D-serine hippocampal neurogenesis reconsolidation multiple retrievals remote memory |
| title | Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice |
| title_full | Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice |
| title_fullStr | Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice |
| title_short | Blockade of D-serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice |
| title_sort | blockade of d serine signaling and adult hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates remote contextual fear memory following multiple memory retrievals in male mice |
| topic | D-serine hippocampal neurogenesis reconsolidation multiple retrievals remote memory |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1030702/full |
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