Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics
<b>Background:</b> Swabbing of implants removed from potentially infected sites represents a time saving and ubiquitously applicable alternative to sonication approaches. The latter bears an elevated risk of processing related contaminations due to the high number of handling steps. Sinc...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/1038 |
| _version_ | 1797531296196460544 |
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| author | Sylvio Redanz Andreas Enz Andreas Podbielski Philipp Warnke |
| author_facet | Sylvio Redanz Andreas Enz Andreas Podbielski Philipp Warnke |
| author_sort | Sylvio Redanz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Swabbing of implants removed from potentially infected sites represents a time saving and ubiquitously applicable alternative to sonication approaches. The latter bears an elevated risk of processing related contaminations due to the high number of handling steps. Since biofilms are usually invisible to the naked eye, adequate swabbing relies on the chance of hitting the colonized area on the implant. A targeted directed swabbing approach could overcome this detriment. <b>Method:</b> Three dyes were tested at different concentrations for their toxicity on biofilm-associated cells of <i>S. epidermidis</i>, the species most frequently identified as a causative agent of implant-associated infections. <b>Results:</b> Malachite green (0.2%) delivered the highest bacterial recovery rates combined with the best results in biofilm visualization. Its suitability for diagnostic approaches was demonstrated for smooth and rough implant surfaces. Biofilm-covered areas were successfully visualized. <b>Conclusion:</b> Subsequent targeted swab-sampling resulted in a significantly increased bacterial recovery rate compared to a dye-free “random swabbing” diagnostic approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32d133c6542a486c8d7088879697f4f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-32d133c6542a486c8d7088879697f4f82023-11-21T22:51:49ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-06-01116103810.3390/diagnostics11061038Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological DiagnosticsSylvio Redanz0Andreas Enz1Andreas Podbielski2Philipp Warnke3Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, GermanyOrthopaedic Clinic and Policlinic, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany<b>Background:</b> Swabbing of implants removed from potentially infected sites represents a time saving and ubiquitously applicable alternative to sonication approaches. The latter bears an elevated risk of processing related contaminations due to the high number of handling steps. Since biofilms are usually invisible to the naked eye, adequate swabbing relies on the chance of hitting the colonized area on the implant. A targeted directed swabbing approach could overcome this detriment. <b>Method:</b> Three dyes were tested at different concentrations for their toxicity on biofilm-associated cells of <i>S. epidermidis</i>, the species most frequently identified as a causative agent of implant-associated infections. <b>Results:</b> Malachite green (0.2%) delivered the highest bacterial recovery rates combined with the best results in biofilm visualization. Its suitability for diagnostic approaches was demonstrated for smooth and rough implant surfaces. Biofilm-covered areas were successfully visualized. <b>Conclusion:</b> Subsequent targeted swab-sampling resulted in a significantly increased bacterial recovery rate compared to a dye-free “random swabbing” diagnostic approach.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/1038implantswabdiagnosticsbiofilmstainingPJI |
| spellingShingle | Sylvio Redanz Andreas Enz Andreas Podbielski Philipp Warnke Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics Diagnostics implant swab diagnostics biofilm staining PJI |
| title | Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics |
| title_full | Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics |
| title_fullStr | Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics |
| title_short | Targeted Swabbing of Implant-Associated Biofilm Formation—A Staining-Guided Sampling Approach for Optimizing Routine Microbiological Diagnostics |
| title_sort | targeted swabbing of implant associated biofilm formation a staining guided sampling approach for optimizing routine microbiological diagnostics |
| topic | implant swab diagnostics biofilm staining PJI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/1038 |
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