Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review
In recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and en...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/10/215 |
| _version_ | 1811213481411608576 |
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| author | Cláudia Ribeiro Ana Rita Ribeiro Alexandra S. Maia Maria Elizabeth Tiritan |
| author_facet | Cláudia Ribeiro Ana Rita Ribeiro Alexandra S. Maia Maria Elizabeth Tiritan |
| author_sort | Cláudia Ribeiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and enantiomeric composition often neglected. However, enantioselective toxicity is well recognized, highlighting the need to include enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment. Additionally, the information about enantiomeric fraction (EF) is crucial since it gives insights about: (i) environmental fate (i.e., occurrence, distribution, removal processes and (bio)degradation); (ii) illicit discharges; (iii) consumption pattern (e.g., illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals used as recreational drugs, illicit use of pesticides); and (iv) enantioselective toxicological effects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about the enantioselective occurrence of chiral bioactive compounds in aquatic environmental matrices. These include pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic musks (PCMs). Most frequently analytical methods used for separation of enantiomers were liquid chromatography and gas chromatography methodologies using both indirect (enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents) and direct methods (chiral stationary phases). The occurrence of these chiral micropollutants in the environment is reviewed and future challenges are outlined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:47:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32d3c6a93246459e855248af952d76a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:47:28Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-32d3c6a93246459e855248af952d76a62022-12-22T03:45:26ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942017-10-0191021510.3390/sym9100215sym9100215Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A ReviewCláudia Ribeiro0Ana Rita Ribeiro1Alexandra S. Maia2Maria Elizabeth Tiritan3CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, PortugalLaboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalCESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, PortugalCESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, PortugalIn recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and enantiomeric composition often neglected. However, enantioselective toxicity is well recognized, highlighting the need to include enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment. Additionally, the information about enantiomeric fraction (EF) is crucial since it gives insights about: (i) environmental fate (i.e., occurrence, distribution, removal processes and (bio)degradation); (ii) illicit discharges; (iii) consumption pattern (e.g., illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals used as recreational drugs, illicit use of pesticides); and (iv) enantioselective toxicological effects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about the enantioselective occurrence of chiral bioactive compounds in aquatic environmental matrices. These include pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic musks (PCMs). Most frequently analytical methods used for separation of enantiomers were liquid chromatography and gas chromatography methodologies using both indirect (enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents) and direct methods (chiral stationary phases). The occurrence of these chiral micropollutants in the environment is reviewed and future challenges are outlined.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/10/215chiral drugspharmaceuticalsillicit drugspesticideschiral chromatographyenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Cláudia Ribeiro Ana Rita Ribeiro Alexandra S. Maia Maria Elizabeth Tiritan Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review Symmetry chiral drugs pharmaceuticals illicit drugs pesticides chiral chromatography environment |
| title | Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review |
| title_full | Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review |
| title_short | Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review |
| title_sort | occurrence of chiral bioactive compounds in the aquatic environment a review |
| topic | chiral drugs pharmaceuticals illicit drugs pesticides chiral chromatography environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/10/215 |
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