Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm
Coded aperture 3D imaging techniques have been rapidly evolving in recent years. The two main directions of evolution are in aperture engineering to generate the optimal optical field and in the development of a computational reconstruction method to reconstruct the object’s image from the intensity...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/9/987 |
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| author | Agnes Pristy Ignatius Xavier Francis Gracy Arockiaraj Shivasubramanian Gopinath Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy Rashid A. Ganeev M. Scott Arockia Singh S. D. Milling Tania Vijayakumar Anand |
| author_facet | Agnes Pristy Ignatius Xavier Francis Gracy Arockiaraj Shivasubramanian Gopinath Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy Rashid A. Ganeev M. Scott Arockia Singh S. D. Milling Tania Vijayakumar Anand |
| author_sort | Agnes Pristy Ignatius Xavier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coded aperture 3D imaging techniques have been rapidly evolving in recent years. The two main directions of evolution are in aperture engineering to generate the optimal optical field and in the development of a computational reconstruction method to reconstruct the object’s image from the intensity distribution with minimal noise. The goal is to find the ideal aperture–reconstruction method pair, and if not that, to optimize one to match the other for designing an imaging system with the required 3D imaging characteristics. The Lucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithm (LR<sup>2</sup>A), a recently developed computational reconstruction method, was found to perform better than its predecessors, such as matched filter, inverse filter, phase-only filter, Lucy–Richardson algorithm, and non-linear reconstruction (NLR), for certain apertures when the point spread function (PSF) is a real and symmetric function. For other cases of PSF, NLR performed better than the rest of the methods. In this tutorial, LR<sup>2</sup>A has been presented as a generalized approach for any optical field when the PSF is known along with MATLAB codes for reconstruction. The common problems and pitfalls in using LR<sup>2</sup>A have been discussed. Simulation and experimental studies for common optical fields such as spherical, Bessel, vortex beams, and exotic optical fields such as Airy, scattered, and self-rotating beams have been presented. From this study, it can be seen that it is possible to transfer the 3D imaging characteristics from non-imaging-type exotic fields to indirect imaging systems faithfully using LR<sup>2</sup>A. The application of LR<sup>2</sup>A to medical images such as colonoscopy images and cone beam computed tomography images with synthetic PSF has been demonstrated. We believe that the tutorial will provide a deeper understanding of computational reconstruction using LR<sup>2</sup>A. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:14:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32d418ec6b9a49bf912989411f3fdda3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:14:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-32d418ec6b9a49bf912989411f3fdda32023-11-19T12:29:26ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322023-08-0110998710.3390/photonics10090987Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen AlgorithmAgnes Pristy Ignatius Xavier0Francis Gracy Arockiaraj1Shivasubramanian Gopinath2Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary3Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy4Rashid A. Ganeev5M. Scott Arockia Singh6S. D. Milling Tania7Vijayakumar Anand8Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaLaboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, LatviaLaboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, LatviaDr. Jeyasekharan Hospital, Nagercoil 629003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli 627105, Tamil Nadu, IndiaInstitute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaCoded aperture 3D imaging techniques have been rapidly evolving in recent years. The two main directions of evolution are in aperture engineering to generate the optimal optical field and in the development of a computational reconstruction method to reconstruct the object’s image from the intensity distribution with minimal noise. The goal is to find the ideal aperture–reconstruction method pair, and if not that, to optimize one to match the other for designing an imaging system with the required 3D imaging characteristics. The Lucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithm (LR<sup>2</sup>A), a recently developed computational reconstruction method, was found to perform better than its predecessors, such as matched filter, inverse filter, phase-only filter, Lucy–Richardson algorithm, and non-linear reconstruction (NLR), for certain apertures when the point spread function (PSF) is a real and symmetric function. For other cases of PSF, NLR performed better than the rest of the methods. In this tutorial, LR<sup>2</sup>A has been presented as a generalized approach for any optical field when the PSF is known along with MATLAB codes for reconstruction. The common problems and pitfalls in using LR<sup>2</sup>A have been discussed. Simulation and experimental studies for common optical fields such as spherical, Bessel, vortex beams, and exotic optical fields such as Airy, scattered, and self-rotating beams have been presented. From this study, it can be seen that it is possible to transfer the 3D imaging characteristics from non-imaging-type exotic fields to indirect imaging systems faithfully using LR<sup>2</sup>A. The application of LR<sup>2</sup>A to medical images such as colonoscopy images and cone beam computed tomography images with synthetic PSF has been demonstrated. We believe that the tutorial will provide a deeper understanding of computational reconstruction using LR<sup>2</sup>A.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/9/987coded aperture imagingLucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithmcomputational imagingdigital holographydiffractive opticsmicroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Agnes Pristy Ignatius Xavier Francis Gracy Arockiaraj Shivasubramanian Gopinath Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy Rashid A. Ganeev M. Scott Arockia Singh S. D. Milling Tania Vijayakumar Anand Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm Photonics coded aperture imaging Lucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithm computational imaging digital holography diffractive optics microscopy |
| title | Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm |
| title_full | Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm |
| title_short | Single-Shot 3D Incoherent Imaging Using Deterministic and Random Optical Fields with Lucy–Richardson–Rosen Algorithm |
| title_sort | single shot 3d incoherent imaging using deterministic and random optical fields with lucy richardson rosen algorithm |
| topic | coded aperture imaging Lucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithm computational imaging digital holography diffractive optics microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/9/987 |
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