Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes
Vernalization is the requirement for exposure to low temperatures to trigger flowering. The best knowledge about the mechanisms of vernalization response has been accumulated for <i>Arabidopsis</i> and cereals. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, vernalization involves an epigene...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9889 |
| _version_ | 1797495130959118336 |
|---|---|
| author | Svetlana Yu. Surkova Maria G. Samsonova |
| author_facet | Svetlana Yu. Surkova Maria G. Samsonova |
| author_sort | Svetlana Yu. Surkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vernalization is the requirement for exposure to low temperatures to trigger flowering. The best knowledge about the mechanisms of vernalization response has been accumulated for <i>Arabidopsis</i> and cereals. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, vernalization involves an epigenetic silencing of the MADS-box gene <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)</i>, which is a flowering repressor. <i>FLC</i> silencing releases the expression of the main flowering inductor <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)</i>, resulting in a floral transition. Remarkably, no <i>FLC</i> homologues have been identified in the vernalization-responsive legumes, and the mechanisms of cold-mediated transition to flowering in these species remain elusive. Nevertheless, legume <i>FT</i> genes have been shown to retain the function of the main vernalization signal integrators. Unlike <i>Arabidopsis</i>, legumes have three subclades of <i>FT</i> genes, which demonstrate distinct patterns of regulation with respect to environmental cues and tissue specificity. This implies complex mechanisms of vernalization signal propagation in the flowering network, that remain largely elusive. Here, for the first time, we summarize the available information on the genetic basis of cold-induced flowering in legumes with a special focus on the role of <i>FT</i> genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:44:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32dd9c11c833410eab11a2a499e6b110 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:44:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-32dd9c11c833410eab11a2a499e6b1102023-11-23T13:18:53ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012317988910.3390/ijms23179889Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in LegumesSvetlana Yu. Surkova0Maria G. Samsonova1Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, RussiaMathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, RussiaVernalization is the requirement for exposure to low temperatures to trigger flowering. The best knowledge about the mechanisms of vernalization response has been accumulated for <i>Arabidopsis</i> and cereals. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, vernalization involves an epigenetic silencing of the MADS-box gene <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)</i>, which is a flowering repressor. <i>FLC</i> silencing releases the expression of the main flowering inductor <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)</i>, resulting in a floral transition. Remarkably, no <i>FLC</i> homologues have been identified in the vernalization-responsive legumes, and the mechanisms of cold-mediated transition to flowering in these species remain elusive. Nevertheless, legume <i>FT</i> genes have been shown to retain the function of the main vernalization signal integrators. Unlike <i>Arabidopsis</i>, legumes have three subclades of <i>FT</i> genes, which demonstrate distinct patterns of regulation with respect to environmental cues and tissue specificity. This implies complex mechanisms of vernalization signal propagation in the flowering network, that remain largely elusive. Here, for the first time, we summarize the available information on the genetic basis of cold-induced flowering in legumes with a special focus on the role of <i>FT</i> genes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9889vernalization responselegumesflowering timecold-induced flowering<i>FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)</i><i>SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1)</i> |
| spellingShingle | Svetlana Yu. Surkova Maria G. Samsonova Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes International Journal of Molecular Sciences vernalization response legumes flowering time cold-induced flowering <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)</i> <i>SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1)</i> |
| title | Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes |
| title_sort | mechanisms of vernalization induced flowering in legumes |
| topic | vernalization response legumes flowering time cold-induced flowering <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)</i> <i>SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1)</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9889 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT svetlanayusurkova mechanismsofvernalizationinducedfloweringinlegumes AT mariagsamsonova mechanismsofvernalizationinducedfloweringinlegumes |