The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics
A series of marine remote sensing and ground-truth surveys were carried out at NW Gulf of Patras (W. Greece). The same area was surveyed in 1971 by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris, who are among the pioneers in the application of remote sensing techniques to underwater archaeology. The researche...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3292 |
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| author | George Papatheodorou Maria Geraga Dimitris Christodoulou Elias Fakiris Margarita Iatrou Nikos Georgiou Xenophon Dimas George Ferentinos |
| author_facet | George Papatheodorou Maria Geraga Dimitris Christodoulou Elias Fakiris Margarita Iatrou Nikos Georgiou Xenophon Dimas George Ferentinos |
| author_sort | George Papatheodorou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A series of marine remote sensing and ground-truth surveys were carried out at NW Gulf of Patras (W. Greece). The same area was surveyed in 1971 by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris, who are among the pioneers in the application of remote sensing techniques to underwater archaeology. The researchers conducted a surface reconnaissance survey to locate the site where the Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571. Their remote sensing surveying resulted in a map of two “target” areas that showed promise as possible remnants of wrecks from that battle and proposed a ground truth survey for their identification and in the detection of two modern shipwrecks. The ground truth survey was never fulfilled. The objectives of our repeat surveys, which were completed 50 years later, were to relocate the findings of this pioneer survey with higher spatial and vertical resolution, to ground-truth the targets, fulfilling their investigation, and to interpret the newly collected data in the light of modern developments in marine geosciences. Our repeat surveys detected mound clusters and individual mounds referred to “target” areas. These mounds could be interpreted as the surface expression of mud and fluid expulsion from the underlying deformed soft sediments. The ground truth survey demonstrated that the tops of mounds represent biogenic mounds. The ROV survey did not show any indication of wreck remnants of the Battle of Lepanto within the two survey areas. The site formation processes of the two modern shipwrecks were also studied in detail. Two noticeable seafloor morphological features were detected around the wreck sites; field of small-sized pockmarks and seafloor depressions. We would like to dedicate this work to the memory of Peter Throckmorton and Harold E. Edgerton, who are among the pioneers in the formative years of underwater archaeology in Greece. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:25:12Z |
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| id | doaj.art-32e5ebd6fded40548b3fb4626f315339 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:25:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-32e5ebd6fded40548b3fb4626f3153392023-11-22T09:35:17ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-08-011316329210.3390/rs13163292The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine GeophysicsGeorge Papatheodorou0Maria Geraga1Dimitris Christodoulou2Elias Fakiris3Margarita Iatrou4Nikos Georgiou5Xenophon Dimas6George Ferentinos7Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography (Oceanus-Lab), Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26 500 Rio Patras, GreeceA series of marine remote sensing and ground-truth surveys were carried out at NW Gulf of Patras (W. Greece). The same area was surveyed in 1971 by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris, who are among the pioneers in the application of remote sensing techniques to underwater archaeology. The researchers conducted a surface reconnaissance survey to locate the site where the Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571. Their remote sensing surveying resulted in a map of two “target” areas that showed promise as possible remnants of wrecks from that battle and proposed a ground truth survey for their identification and in the detection of two modern shipwrecks. The ground truth survey was never fulfilled. The objectives of our repeat surveys, which were completed 50 years later, were to relocate the findings of this pioneer survey with higher spatial and vertical resolution, to ground-truth the targets, fulfilling their investigation, and to interpret the newly collected data in the light of modern developments in marine geosciences. Our repeat surveys detected mound clusters and individual mounds referred to “target” areas. These mounds could be interpreted as the surface expression of mud and fluid expulsion from the underlying deformed soft sediments. The ground truth survey demonstrated that the tops of mounds represent biogenic mounds. The ROV survey did not show any indication of wreck remnants of the Battle of Lepanto within the two survey areas. The site formation processes of the two modern shipwrecks were also studied in detail. Two noticeable seafloor morphological features were detected around the wreck sites; field of small-sized pockmarks and seafloor depressions. We would like to dedicate this work to the memory of Peter Throckmorton and Harold E. Edgerton, who are among the pioneers in the formative years of underwater archaeology in Greece.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3292Battle of Lepantoremote sensing techniquesshipwrecksmaritime archaeology |
| spellingShingle | George Papatheodorou Maria Geraga Dimitris Christodoulou Elias Fakiris Margarita Iatrou Nikos Georgiou Xenophon Dimas George Ferentinos The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics Remote Sensing Battle of Lepanto remote sensing techniques shipwrecks maritime archaeology |
| title | The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics |
| title_full | The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics |
| title_fullStr | The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics |
| title_short | The Battle of Lepanto Search and Survey Mission (1971–1972) by Throckmorton, Edgerton and Yalouris: Following Their Traces Half a Century Later Using Marine Geophysics |
| title_sort | battle of lepanto search and survey mission 1971 1972 by throckmorton edgerton and yalouris following their traces half a century later using marine geophysics |
| topic | Battle of Lepanto remote sensing techniques shipwrecks maritime archaeology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3292 |
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