The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages
Inflammation is the response of the innate immune system to any type of injury. Although acute inflammation is critical for survival, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to chronic inflammation. Many synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have side effects, and thus, natural anti-inflammato...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/4991 |
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| author | Mariia Zaiachuk Santosh V. Suryavanshi Nazar Pryimak Igor Kovalchuk Olga Kovalchuk |
| author_facet | Mariia Zaiachuk Santosh V. Suryavanshi Nazar Pryimak Igor Kovalchuk Olga Kovalchuk |
| author_sort | Mariia Zaiachuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammation is the response of the innate immune system to any type of injury. Although acute inflammation is critical for survival, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to chronic inflammation. Many synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have side effects, and thus, natural anti-inflammatory compounds are still needed. <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. may provide a good source of anti-inflammatory molecules. Here, we tested the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabis extracts and pure cannabinoids in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human THP-1 macrophages. We found that pre-treatment with cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or extracts containing high levels of CBD or THC reduced the level of induction of various cytokines. The CBD was more efficient than THC, and the extracts were more efficient than pure cannabinoids. Finally, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 cytokines were most sensitive to pre-treatments with CBD and THC, while IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were less responsive. Thus, our work demonstrates the potential of the use of cannabinoids or/and cannabis extracts for the reduction of inflammation and establishes IL-6 and MCP-1 as the sensitive markers for the analysis of the effect of cannabinoids on inflammation in macrophages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:33:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32e63f9bf7324eeb8c9e13ef8df9af94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:33:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-32e63f9bf7324eeb8c9e13ef8df9af942023-11-18T17:06:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-06-012813499110.3390/molecules28134991The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human MacrophagesMariia Zaiachuk0Santosh V. Suryavanshi1Nazar Pryimak2Igor Kovalchuk3Olga Kovalchuk4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaInflammation is the response of the innate immune system to any type of injury. Although acute inflammation is critical for survival, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to chronic inflammation. Many synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have side effects, and thus, natural anti-inflammatory compounds are still needed. <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. may provide a good source of anti-inflammatory molecules. Here, we tested the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabis extracts and pure cannabinoids in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human THP-1 macrophages. We found that pre-treatment with cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or extracts containing high levels of CBD or THC reduced the level of induction of various cytokines. The CBD was more efficient than THC, and the extracts were more efficient than pure cannabinoids. Finally, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 cytokines were most sensitive to pre-treatments with CBD and THC, while IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were less responsive. Thus, our work demonstrates the potential of the use of cannabinoids or/and cannabis extracts for the reduction of inflammation and establishes IL-6 and MCP-1 as the sensitive markers for the analysis of the effect of cannabinoids on inflammation in macrophages.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/4991cannabidiolcannabisinflammationlipopolysaccharidemacrophagestetrahydrocannabinol |
| spellingShingle | Mariia Zaiachuk Santosh V. Suryavanshi Nazar Pryimak Igor Kovalchuk Olga Kovalchuk The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages Molecules cannabidiol cannabis inflammation lipopolysaccharide macrophages tetrahydrocannabinol |
| title | The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages |
| title_full | The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages |
| title_short | The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Extracts on LPS-Induced Cytokines Release in Human Macrophages |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory effects of i cannabis sativa i extracts on lps induced cytokines release in human macrophages |
| topic | cannabidiol cannabis inflammation lipopolysaccharide macrophages tetrahydrocannabinol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/4991 |
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