Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors
Large-scale production of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has led to the availability of solution-processable GNSs on the commercial scale. The controlled vacuum filtration method is a scalable process for the preparation of wafer-scale films of GNSs, which can be used for gas sensing applications. Here,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1831 |
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| author | Mbaye Dieng Siva Sankar Pingping Ni Ileana Florea Pedro Alpuim Andrea Capasso Abderrahim Yassar Fatima Zahra Bouanis |
| author_facet | Mbaye Dieng Siva Sankar Pingping Ni Ileana Florea Pedro Alpuim Andrea Capasso Abderrahim Yassar Fatima Zahra Bouanis |
| author_sort | Mbaye Dieng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Large-scale production of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has led to the availability of solution-processable GNSs on the commercial scale. The controlled vacuum filtration method is a scalable process for the preparation of wafer-scale films of GNSs, which can be used for gas sensing applications. Here, we demonstrate the use of this deposition method to produce functional gas sensors, using a chemiresistor structure from GNS solution-based techniques. The GNS suspension was prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The effect of non-covalent functionalization with Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanines on the sensor properties was studied. The pristine and functionalized GNS films were characterized using different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrical characterizations. The morphological and spectroscopic analyses both confirm that the molecules (Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanine) were successfully adsorbed onto the GNSs surface through π-π interactions. The chemiresistive sensor response of functionalized GNSs toward the low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) (0.5–2 ppm) was studied and compared with those of the film of pristine GNSs. The tests on the sensing performance clearly showed sensitivity to a low concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> (5 ppm). Furthermore, the chemical modification of GNSs significantly improves NO<sub>2</sub> sensing performance compared to the pristine GNSs. The sensor response can be modulated by the type of adsorbed molecules. Indeed, Co-Por exhibited negative responsiveness (the response of Co-Por-GNS sensors and pristine GNS devices was 13.1% and 15.6%, respectively, after exposure to 0.5 ppm of NO<sub>2</sub>). Meanwhile, Fe-Phc-GNSs induced the opposite behavior resulting in an increase in the sensor response (the sensitivity was 8.3% and 7.8% of Fe-Phc-GNSs and pristine GNSs, respectively, at 0.5 ppm NO<sub>2</sub> gas). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:11:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32f021538dd643b298b3691b97b0d83f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:11:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-32f021538dd643b298b3691b97b0d83f2023-11-16T23:06:44ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-02-01234183110.3390/s23041831Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> SensorsMbaye Dieng0Siva Sankar1Pingping Ni2Ileana Florea3Pedro Alpuim4Andrea Capasso5Abderrahim Yassar6Fatima Zahra Bouanis7COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, FranceInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalCOSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, FranceLaboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, FranceInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalLaboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, FranceCOSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, FranceLarge-scale production of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has led to the availability of solution-processable GNSs on the commercial scale. The controlled vacuum filtration method is a scalable process for the preparation of wafer-scale films of GNSs, which can be used for gas sensing applications. Here, we demonstrate the use of this deposition method to produce functional gas sensors, using a chemiresistor structure from GNS solution-based techniques. The GNS suspension was prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The effect of non-covalent functionalization with Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanines on the sensor properties was studied. The pristine and functionalized GNS films were characterized using different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrical characterizations. The morphological and spectroscopic analyses both confirm that the molecules (Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanine) were successfully adsorbed onto the GNSs surface through π-π interactions. The chemiresistive sensor response of functionalized GNSs toward the low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) (0.5–2 ppm) was studied and compared with those of the film of pristine GNSs. The tests on the sensing performance clearly showed sensitivity to a low concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> (5 ppm). Furthermore, the chemical modification of GNSs significantly improves NO<sub>2</sub> sensing performance compared to the pristine GNSs. The sensor response can be modulated by the type of adsorbed molecules. Indeed, Co-Por exhibited negative responsiveness (the response of Co-Por-GNS sensors and pristine GNS devices was 13.1% and 15.6%, respectively, after exposure to 0.5 ppm of NO<sub>2</sub>). Meanwhile, Fe-Phc-GNSs induced the opposite behavior resulting in an increase in the sensor response (the sensitivity was 8.3% and 7.8% of Fe-Phc-GNSs and pristine GNSs, respectively, at 0.5 ppm NO<sub>2</sub> gas).https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1831graphene nanosheetsliquid-phase exfoliationfunctionalizationCo-porphyrinFe-Phthalocyaninenitrogen dioxide |
| spellingShingle | Mbaye Dieng Siva Sankar Pingping Ni Ileana Florea Pedro Alpuim Andrea Capasso Abderrahim Yassar Fatima Zahra Bouanis Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors Sensors graphene nanosheets liquid-phase exfoliation functionalization Co-porphyrin Fe-Phthalocyanine nitrogen dioxide |
| title | Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors |
| title_full | Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors |
| title_short | Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors |
| title_sort | solution processed functionalized graphene film prepared by vacuum filtration for flexible no sub 2 sub sensors |
| topic | graphene nanosheets liquid-phase exfoliation functionalization Co-porphyrin Fe-Phthalocyanine nitrogen dioxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1831 |
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