Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau
The characteristics of diurnal variation of the surface sensible heat flux (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are comprehensively investigated by using the long-term dataset of integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations (2006–2016) on the TP. Results show that the diurnal variation of SH sh...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/128 |
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| author | Zhu Zhu Meirong Wang Jun Wang Xulin Ma Jingjia Luo Xiuping Yao |
| author_facet | Zhu Zhu Meirong Wang Jun Wang Xulin Ma Jingjia Luo Xiuping Yao |
| author_sort | Zhu Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The characteristics of diurnal variation of the surface sensible heat flux (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are comprehensively investigated by using the long-term dataset of integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations (2006–2016) on the TP. Results show that the diurnal variation of SH shows obvious seasonal variabilities in terms of amplitude, duration, and peak time. At the Muztagh Ata Westerly Observation and Research Station (MAWORS), the Ngari Desert Observation and Research Station (NADORS), and the Qomolangma Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research Station (QOMS), the SH diurnal amplitude is consistently the largest in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and the smallest in winter, with a peak at 15:00. However, for the Southeast Tibet Observation and Research Station (SETORS), the amplitude in winter is rather violent with the peak at 12:00. We find that positive SH at most stations has the longest duration from May to August. Moreover, the peak time fluctuates from month to month, even showing a shift at the QOMS before and after 2015, and the double-peak phenomenon of SH mainly occurs in spring and autumn. Additionally, magnitudes of calculated SH with the conventional heat transfer coefficient (C<sub>DH</sub>) of 0.004 are about 64–100% larger than those of directly observed SH at the QOMS and the Nam Co Monitoring and Research Station (NAMORS). We here additionally recommend a new C<sub>DH</sub> values of about 2.24 × 10<sup>−3</sup> in spring and 2.78 × 10<sup>−3</sup> in summer, respectively, to more accurately calculate the TP SH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:37:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32f19583a771432a8d7f8a2608a1600e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:37:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-32f19583a771432a8d7f8a2608a1600e2023-11-30T21:09:47ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-01-0114112810.3390/atmos14010128Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan PlateauZhu Zhu0Meirong Wang1Jun Wang2Xulin Ma3Jingjia Luo4Xiuping Yao5Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaInternational Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210033, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaChina Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaThe characteristics of diurnal variation of the surface sensible heat flux (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are comprehensively investigated by using the long-term dataset of integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations (2006–2016) on the TP. Results show that the diurnal variation of SH shows obvious seasonal variabilities in terms of amplitude, duration, and peak time. At the Muztagh Ata Westerly Observation and Research Station (MAWORS), the Ngari Desert Observation and Research Station (NADORS), and the Qomolangma Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research Station (QOMS), the SH diurnal amplitude is consistently the largest in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and the smallest in winter, with a peak at 15:00. However, for the Southeast Tibet Observation and Research Station (SETORS), the amplitude in winter is rather violent with the peak at 12:00. We find that positive SH at most stations has the longest duration from May to August. Moreover, the peak time fluctuates from month to month, even showing a shift at the QOMS before and after 2015, and the double-peak phenomenon of SH mainly occurs in spring and autumn. Additionally, magnitudes of calculated SH with the conventional heat transfer coefficient (C<sub>DH</sub>) of 0.004 are about 64–100% larger than those of directly observed SH at the QOMS and the Nam Co Monitoring and Research Station (NAMORS). We here additionally recommend a new C<sub>DH</sub> values of about 2.24 × 10<sup>−3</sup> in spring and 2.78 × 10<sup>−3</sup> in summer, respectively, to more accurately calculate the TP SH.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/128Tibetan Plateausurface sensible heat fluxdiurnal variationseasonal variabilityheat transfer coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Zhu Zhu Meirong Wang Jun Wang Xulin Ma Jingjia Luo Xiuping Yao Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau Atmosphere Tibetan Plateau surface sensible heat flux diurnal variation seasonal variability heat transfer coefficient |
| title | Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full | Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_short | Diurnal Variation Characteristics of the Surface Sensible Heat Flux over the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_sort | diurnal variation characteristics of the surface sensible heat flux over the tibetan plateau |
| topic | Tibetan Plateau surface sensible heat flux diurnal variation seasonal variability heat transfer coefficient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/128 |
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