Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain major health problems worldwide and commonly coexist in individuals. Gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been linked to cardiovascular and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4650 |
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| author | María José Sánchez-Quintero Josué Delgado Dina Medina-Vera Víctor M. Becerra-Muñoz María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño Mario Estévez Isaac Plaza-Andrades Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán Pedro L. Sánchez Maria G. Crespo-Leiro Manuel F. Jiménez-Navarro Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón |
| author_facet | María José Sánchez-Quintero Josué Delgado Dina Medina-Vera Víctor M. Becerra-Muñoz María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño Mario Estévez Isaac Plaza-Andrades Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán Pedro L. Sánchez Maria G. Crespo-Leiro Manuel F. Jiménez-Navarro Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón |
| author_sort | María José Sánchez-Quintero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain major health problems worldwide and commonly coexist in individuals. Gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of these patients and the prebiotic effects of some components of the Mediterranean diet. Essential oil emulsions of savory (<i>Satureja hortensis</i>), parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i>) and rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) were assessed as nutraceuticals and prebiotics in IHD and T2DM. Humanized mice harboring gut microbiota derived from that of patients with IHD and T2DM were supplemented with L-carnitine and orally treated with essential oil emulsions for 40 days. We assessed the effects on gut microbiota composition and abundance, microbial metabolites and plasma markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation and oxidative stress. Our results showed that essential oil emulsions in mice supplemented with L-carnitine have prebiotic effects on beneficial commensal bacteria, mainly <i>Lactobacillus</i> genus. There was a decrease in plasma TMAO and an increase in fecal SCFAs levels in mice treated with parsley and rosemary essential oils. Thrombomodulin levels were increased in mice treated with savory and parsley essential oils. While mice treated with parsley and rosemary essential oils showed a decrease in plasma cytokines (INFɣ, TNFα, IL-12p70 and IL-22); savory essential oil was associated with increased levels of chemokines (CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL11). Finally, there was a decrease in protein carbonyls and pentosidine according to the essential oil emulsion. These results suggest that changes in the gut microbiota induced by essential oils of parsley, savory and rosemary as prebiotics could differentially regulate cardiovascular and metabolic factors, which highlights the potential of these nutraceuticals for reducing IHD risk in patients affected by T2DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:45:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32f44a5ee9c8473799e7e2fd3de80645 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:45:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-32f44a5ee9c8473799e7e2fd3de806452023-11-24T06:15:01ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-11-011421465010.3390/nu14214650Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes MellitusMaría José Sánchez-Quintero0Josué Delgado1Dina Medina-Vera2Víctor M. Becerra-Muñoz3María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño4Mario Estévez5Isaac Plaza-Andrades6Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán7Pedro L. Sánchez8Maria G. Crespo-Leiro9Manuel F. Jiménez-Navarro10Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón11Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), 10003 Cáceres, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, SpainIschemic heart disease (IHD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain major health problems worldwide and commonly coexist in individuals. Gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of these patients and the prebiotic effects of some components of the Mediterranean diet. Essential oil emulsions of savory (<i>Satureja hortensis</i>), parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i>) and rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) were assessed as nutraceuticals and prebiotics in IHD and T2DM. Humanized mice harboring gut microbiota derived from that of patients with IHD and T2DM were supplemented with L-carnitine and orally treated with essential oil emulsions for 40 days. We assessed the effects on gut microbiota composition and abundance, microbial metabolites and plasma markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation and oxidative stress. Our results showed that essential oil emulsions in mice supplemented with L-carnitine have prebiotic effects on beneficial commensal bacteria, mainly <i>Lactobacillus</i> genus. There was a decrease in plasma TMAO and an increase in fecal SCFAs levels in mice treated with parsley and rosemary essential oils. Thrombomodulin levels were increased in mice treated with savory and parsley essential oils. While mice treated with parsley and rosemary essential oils showed a decrease in plasma cytokines (INFɣ, TNFα, IL-12p70 and IL-22); savory essential oil was associated with increased levels of chemokines (CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL11). Finally, there was a decrease in protein carbonyls and pentosidine according to the essential oil emulsion. These results suggest that changes in the gut microbiota induced by essential oils of parsley, savory and rosemary as prebiotics could differentially regulate cardiovascular and metabolic factors, which highlights the potential of these nutraceuticals for reducing IHD risk in patients affected by T2DM.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4650carbonylcytokinechemokinenutraceuticalparsleypentosidine |
| spellingShingle | María José Sánchez-Quintero Josué Delgado Dina Medina-Vera Víctor M. Becerra-Muñoz María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño Mario Estévez Isaac Plaza-Andrades Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán Pedro L. Sánchez Maria G. Crespo-Leiro Manuel F. Jiménez-Navarro Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Nutrients carbonyl cytokine chemokine nutraceutical parsley pentosidine |
| title | Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Heart Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | beneficial effects of essential oils from the mediterranean diet on gut microbiota and their metabolites in ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | carbonyl cytokine chemokine nutraceutical parsley pentosidine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4650 |
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