Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program
The Subaru telescope is currently performing a strategic program (SSP) using the high-precision near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer IRD to search for exoplanets around nearby mid/late M dwarfs via radial velocity (RV) monitoring. As part of the observing strategy for the exoplanet survey, signatures of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acbf37 |
| _version_ | 1797695756811894784 |
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| author | Taichi Uyama Charles Beichman Masayuki Kuzuhara Markus Janson Takayuki Kotani Dimitri Mawet Bun’ei Sato Motohide Tamura Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa Bryson Cale Thayne Currie Hiroki Harakawa Thomas Henning Teruyuki Hirano Klaus Hodapp Yasunori Hori Masato Ishizuka Shane Jacobson Yui Kasagi Eiichiro Kokubo Mihoko Konishi Tomoyuki Kudo Takashi Kurokawa Nobuhiko Kusakabe Jungmi Kwon Masahiro Machida Takao Nakagawa Norio Narita Jun Nishikawa Masahiro Ogihara Masashi Omiya Takuma Serizawa Akitoshi Ueda Sébastien Vievard Ji Wang |
| author_facet | Taichi Uyama Charles Beichman Masayuki Kuzuhara Markus Janson Takayuki Kotani Dimitri Mawet Bun’ei Sato Motohide Tamura Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa Bryson Cale Thayne Currie Hiroki Harakawa Thomas Henning Teruyuki Hirano Klaus Hodapp Yasunori Hori Masato Ishizuka Shane Jacobson Yui Kasagi Eiichiro Kokubo Mihoko Konishi Tomoyuki Kudo Takashi Kurokawa Nobuhiko Kusakabe Jungmi Kwon Masahiro Machida Takao Nakagawa Norio Narita Jun Nishikawa Masahiro Ogihara Masashi Omiya Takuma Serizawa Akitoshi Ueda Sébastien Vievard Ji Wang |
| author_sort | Taichi Uyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Subaru telescope is currently performing a strategic program (SSP) using the high-precision near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer IRD to search for exoplanets around nearby mid/late M dwarfs via radial velocity (RV) monitoring. As part of the observing strategy for the exoplanet survey, signatures of massive companions such as RV trends are used to reduce the priority of those stars. However, this RV information remains useful for studying the stellar multiplicity of nearby M dwarfs. To search for companions around such “deprioritized” M dwarfs, we observed 14 IRD-SSP targets using Keck/NIRC2 with pyramid wave-front sensing at NIR wavelengths, leading to high sensitivity to substellar-mass companions within a few arcseconds. We detected two new companions (LSPM J1002+1459 B and LSPM J2204+1505 B) and two new candidates that are likely companions (LSPM J0825+6902 B and LSPM J1645+0444 B), as well as one known companion. Including two known companions resolved by the IRD fiber injection module camera, we detected seven (four new) companions at projected separations between ∼2 and 20 au in total. A comparison of the colors with the spectral library suggests that LSPM J2204+1505 B and LSPM J0825+6902 B are located at the boundary between late M and early L spectral types. Our deep high-contrast imaging for targets where no bright companions were resolved did not reveal any additional companion candidates. The NIRC2 detection limits could constrain potential substellar-mass companions (∼10–75 M _Jup ) at 10 au or further. The failure with Keck/NIRC2 around the IRD-SSP stars having significant RV trends makes these objects promising targets for further RV monitoring or deeper imaging with the James Webb Space Telescope to search for smaller-mass companions below the NIRC2 detection limits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:16:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32ffc418a6984a488af09dcb9d6d6a68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:16:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-32ffc418a6984a488af09dcb9d6d6a682023-09-03T14:08:26ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812023-01-01165416210.3847/1538-3881/acbf37Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic ProgramTaichi Uyama0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-3030Charles Beichman1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-5471Masayuki Kuzuhara2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-9182Markus Janson3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-593XTakayuki Kotani4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-3142Dimitri Mawet5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-4735Bun’ei Sato6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8033-5633Motohide Tamura7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-0681Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-4380Bryson Cale9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-0595Thayne Currie10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7405-3119Hiroki Harakawa11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-0216Thomas Henning12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-300XTeruyuki Hirano13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-7535Klaus Hodapp14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-2140Yasunori Hori15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-0251Masato Ishizuka16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-4525Shane Jacobson17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-4124Yui Kasagi18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-358XEiichiro Kokubo19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7828Mihoko Konishi20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-0542Tomoyuki Kudo21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9294-1793Takashi Kurokawa22Nobuhiko Kusakabe23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-1268Jungmi Kwon24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-7774Masahiro Machida25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0963-0872Takao Nakagawa26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-9375Norio Narita27https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-2981Jun Nishikawa28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-8134Masahiro Ogihara29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-7990Masashi Omiya30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-6027Takuma Serizawa31Akitoshi Ueda32Sébastien Vievard33https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-2569Ji Wang34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-8885Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; tuyama@ipac.caltech.edu; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; tuyama@ipac.caltech.edu; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Pasadena, CA 91125, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691, Stockholm, SwedenNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; tuyama@ipac.caltech.edu; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USASubaru Telescope, 650 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas–San Antonio , San Antonio, TX, USASubaru Telescope, 650 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyAstrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanUniversity of Hawaii , Institute for Astronomy, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAAstrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanUniversity of Hawaii , Institute for Astronomy, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanUniversity of Hawaii , Institute for Astronomy, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USASubaru Telescope, 650 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAAstrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, JapanAstrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanTsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 520 Shengrong Road, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanSubaru Telescope, 650 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAThe Subaru telescope is currently performing a strategic program (SSP) using the high-precision near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer IRD to search for exoplanets around nearby mid/late M dwarfs via radial velocity (RV) monitoring. As part of the observing strategy for the exoplanet survey, signatures of massive companions such as RV trends are used to reduce the priority of those stars. However, this RV information remains useful for studying the stellar multiplicity of nearby M dwarfs. To search for companions around such “deprioritized” M dwarfs, we observed 14 IRD-SSP targets using Keck/NIRC2 with pyramid wave-front sensing at NIR wavelengths, leading to high sensitivity to substellar-mass companions within a few arcseconds. We detected two new companions (LSPM J1002+1459 B and LSPM J2204+1505 B) and two new candidates that are likely companions (LSPM J0825+6902 B and LSPM J1645+0444 B), as well as one known companion. Including two known companions resolved by the IRD fiber injection module camera, we detected seven (four new) companions at projected separations between ∼2 and 20 au in total. A comparison of the colors with the spectral library suggests that LSPM J2204+1505 B and LSPM J0825+6902 B are located at the boundary between late M and early L spectral types. Our deep high-contrast imaging for targets where no bright companions were resolved did not reveal any additional companion candidates. The NIRC2 detection limits could constrain potential substellar-mass companions (∼10–75 M _Jup ) at 10 au or further. The failure with Keck/NIRC2 around the IRD-SSP stars having significant RV trends makes these objects promising targets for further RV monitoring or deeper imaging with the James Webb Space Telescope to search for smaller-mass companions below the NIRC2 detection limits.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acbf37ExoplanetsBrown dwarfsM dwarf starsDirect imaging |
| spellingShingle | Taichi Uyama Charles Beichman Masayuki Kuzuhara Markus Janson Takayuki Kotani Dimitri Mawet Bun’ei Sato Motohide Tamura Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa Bryson Cale Thayne Currie Hiroki Harakawa Thomas Henning Teruyuki Hirano Klaus Hodapp Yasunori Hori Masato Ishizuka Shane Jacobson Yui Kasagi Eiichiro Kokubo Mihoko Konishi Tomoyuki Kudo Takashi Kurokawa Nobuhiko Kusakabe Jungmi Kwon Masahiro Machida Takao Nakagawa Norio Narita Jun Nishikawa Masahiro Ogihara Masashi Omiya Takuma Serizawa Akitoshi Ueda Sébastien Vievard Ji Wang Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program The Astronomical Journal Exoplanets Brown dwarfs M dwarf stars Direct imaging |
| title | Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program |
| title_full | Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program |
| title_fullStr | Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program |
| title_short | Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program |
| title_sort | direct imaging explorations for companions around mid late m stars from the subaru ird strategic program |
| topic | Exoplanets Brown dwarfs M dwarf stars Direct imaging |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acbf37 |
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