Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation
Under irrigation with saline wastewater, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> aggregated in the topsoil, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> was significantly higher in the deeper soil than in the topsoil and 40 cm soil layers....
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/514 |
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| author | Weihan Wang Dandan Zhang Hao Kong Gengtao Zhang Feng Shen Zhiping Huang |
| author_facet | Weihan Wang Dandan Zhang Hao Kong Gengtao Zhang Feng Shen Zhiping Huang |
| author_sort | Weihan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Under irrigation with saline wastewater, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> aggregated in the topsoil, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> was significantly higher in the deeper soil than in the topsoil and 40 cm soil layers. The abundance of <i>Zoopagomycota</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, <i>Mortierellomycota</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>, <i>Chytridiomycota</i>, <i>Rozellomycota</i>, <i>Blastocladiomycota</i>, <i>Monoblepharomycota</i>, <i>Mucoromycota</i> and <i>Olpidiomycota</i> in the surface soil was influenced by Mg<sup>2+</sup>, whereas Ca<sup>2+</sup> affected the abundance of <i>Zoopagomycota</i> and <i>Chytridiomycota</i>. In the 40 cm soil layer, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> promoted Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, <i>Nitrospirae</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Entotheonellaeota</i>, <i>Myxococcota</i>, <i>Gemmatimonadota</i> and <i>Methylomirabilota</i>, whereas they inhibited <i>Planctomycetota</i>, <i>Acidobacteria</i>, <i>Chloroflexi</i>, <i>Patescibacteria</i> and <i>Bacteroidota</i>. In the 80 cm soil layer, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> promoted <i>Rozellomycota</i>, <i>Mortierellomycota</i>, <i>Chytridiomycota</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, and <i>Mucoromycota</i>, but had a negative effect on <i>Glomeromycota</i>, <i>Blastocladiomycota</i>, <i>Olpidiomycota</i> and <i>Monoblepharomycota</i>. The increase in salinity significantly reduced the abundance of the <i>Actinomycetes</i> phylum and the <i>Amoebozoa</i> phylum. Both saprophytic and symbiotic fungi decreased with increasing salinity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:35Z |
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| id | doaj.art-33132a38387b4587bdae4ad7a33227f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-33132a38387b4587bdae4ad7a33227f52024-03-27T13:16:45ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-03-0114351410.3390/agronomy14030514Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage IrrigationWeihan Wang0Dandan Zhang1Hao Kong2Gengtao Zhang3Feng Shen4Zhiping Huang5Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, ChinaAgro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, ChinaInstitute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaAgro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, ChinaAgro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, ChinaAgro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, ChinaUnder irrigation with saline wastewater, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> aggregated in the topsoil, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> was significantly higher in the deeper soil than in the topsoil and 40 cm soil layers. The abundance of <i>Zoopagomycota</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, <i>Mortierellomycota</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>, <i>Chytridiomycota</i>, <i>Rozellomycota</i>, <i>Blastocladiomycota</i>, <i>Monoblepharomycota</i>, <i>Mucoromycota</i> and <i>Olpidiomycota</i> in the surface soil was influenced by Mg<sup>2+</sup>, whereas Ca<sup>2+</sup> affected the abundance of <i>Zoopagomycota</i> and <i>Chytridiomycota</i>. In the 40 cm soil layer, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> promoted Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, <i>Nitrospirae</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Entotheonellaeota</i>, <i>Myxococcota</i>, <i>Gemmatimonadota</i> and <i>Methylomirabilota</i>, whereas they inhibited <i>Planctomycetota</i>, <i>Acidobacteria</i>, <i>Chloroflexi</i>, <i>Patescibacteria</i> and <i>Bacteroidota</i>. In the 80 cm soil layer, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> promoted <i>Rozellomycota</i>, <i>Mortierellomycota</i>, <i>Chytridiomycota</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, and <i>Mucoromycota</i>, but had a negative effect on <i>Glomeromycota</i>, <i>Blastocladiomycota</i>, <i>Olpidiomycota</i> and <i>Monoblepharomycota</i>. The increase in salinity significantly reduced the abundance of the <i>Actinomycetes</i> phylum and the <i>Amoebozoa</i> phylum. Both saprophytic and symbiotic fungi decreased with increasing salinity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/514rural domestic sewagesoil salinitysoil fertilitybacteriafungifunctional classification |
| spellingShingle | Weihan Wang Dandan Zhang Hao Kong Gengtao Zhang Feng Shen Zhiping Huang Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation Agronomy rural domestic sewage soil salinity soil fertility bacteria fungi functional classification |
| title | Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation |
| title_full | Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation |
| title_short | Effects of Salinity Accumulation on Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties of Soil under Rural Domestic Sewage Irrigation |
| title_sort | effects of salinity accumulation on physical chemical and microbial properties of soil under rural domestic sewage irrigation |
| topic | rural domestic sewage soil salinity soil fertility bacteria fungi functional classification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/514 |
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