The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the recognition of numerous pathogens, including <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. Thanks to this, it is possible for immune cells to recognize microorganisms and trigger the body’s innate immune response. The stimulation of TLRs also leads to the activat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/631 |
| _version_ | 1827740452878548992 |
|---|---|
| author | Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera Monika Derda Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Agnieszka Kolasa Karolina Kot Joanna Walczykiewicz Piotr Solarczyk Danuta Kosik-Bogacka |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera Monika Derda Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Agnieszka Kolasa Karolina Kot Joanna Walczykiewicz Piotr Solarczyk Danuta Kosik-Bogacka |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the recognition of numerous pathogens, including <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. Thanks to this, it is possible for immune cells to recognize microorganisms and trigger the body’s innate immune response. The stimulation of TLRs also leads to the activation of specific immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in the skin of BALC/c mice infected with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> with AM22 strain isolated from a patient. Receptor expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the amoeba-infected host with normal (A) and reduced immunity (AS) as well as in the control host with normal immunity (C) and reduced immunity (CS). Statistical analysis of TLR2 gene expression in A and AS groups compared to C and CS groups, respectively, were statistically insignificant. In the A group, we found statistical upregulation of TLR4 gene expression at 8 dpi compared to the C group. While in AS group, TLR4 gene expression was at a similar level, such as in the CS group. Taking into account the host’s immune status, the TLR4 gene expression was statistically higher in the skin of host from A group than in host from AS group at the beginning of the infection. Increased TLR4 gene expression in hosts with normal immunity infected with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> suggests the involvement of the studied receptor in the course of acanthamoebiasis. The above research results provide new data on the involvement of the studied receptor in the skin in the host’s immune defense triggered during the <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:25:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-331d147ca5924f3b94c19d6a8541739f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:25:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-331d147ca5924f3b94c19d6a8541739f2023-11-18T02:46:07ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-04-0112563110.3390/pathogens12050631The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated AcanthamoebiasisAgnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera0Monika Derda1Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk2Agnieszka Kolasa3Karolina Kot4Joanna Walczykiewicz5Piotr Solarczyk6Danuta Kosik-Bogacka7Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandIndependent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandToll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the recognition of numerous pathogens, including <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. Thanks to this, it is possible for immune cells to recognize microorganisms and trigger the body’s innate immune response. The stimulation of TLRs also leads to the activation of specific immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in the skin of BALC/c mice infected with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> with AM22 strain isolated from a patient. Receptor expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the amoeba-infected host with normal (A) and reduced immunity (AS) as well as in the control host with normal immunity (C) and reduced immunity (CS). Statistical analysis of TLR2 gene expression in A and AS groups compared to C and CS groups, respectively, were statistically insignificant. In the A group, we found statistical upregulation of TLR4 gene expression at 8 dpi compared to the C group. While in AS group, TLR4 gene expression was at a similar level, such as in the CS group. Taking into account the host’s immune status, the TLR4 gene expression was statistically higher in the skin of host from A group than in host from AS group at the beginning of the infection. Increased TLR4 gene expression in hosts with normal immunity infected with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> suggests the involvement of the studied receptor in the course of acanthamoebiasis. The above research results provide new data on the involvement of the studied receptor in the skin in the host’s immune defense triggered during the <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/631acanthamoebiasismicequantitative real-time PCRToll-like receptor 2Toll-like receptor 4 |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera Monika Derda Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Agnieszka Kolasa Karolina Kot Joanna Walczykiewicz Piotr Solarczyk Danuta Kosik-Bogacka The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis Pathogens acanthamoebiasis mice quantitative real-time PCR Toll-like receptor 2 Toll-like receptor 4 |
| title | The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis |
| title_full | The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis |
| title_fullStr | The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis |
| title_short | The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis |
| title_sort | immunological changes in the skin of balc c mice with disseminated acanthamoebiasis |
| topic | acanthamoebiasis mice quantitative real-time PCR Toll-like receptor 2 Toll-like receptor 4 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/631 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT agnieszkawojtkowiakgiera theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT monikaderda theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT nataliałanochaarendarczyk theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT agnieszkakolasa theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT karolinakot theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT joannawalczykiewicz theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT piotrsolarczyk theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT danutakosikbogacka theimmunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT agnieszkawojtkowiakgiera immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT monikaderda immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT nataliałanochaarendarczyk immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT agnieszkakolasa immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT karolinakot immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT joannawalczykiewicz immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT piotrsolarczyk immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis AT danutakosikbogacka immunologicalchangesintheskinofbalccmicewithdisseminatedacanthamoebiasis |