Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments
Among microorganisms, viruses are best fit to become emerging pathogens since they are able to adapt not only by mutation but also through recombination and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Istituto Superiore di Sanità
2012-12-01
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| Series: | Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0021-25712012000400007&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1819267903814369280 |
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| author | Giuseppina La Rosa Marta Fratini Simonetta della Libera Marcello Iaconelli Michele Muscillo |
| author_facet | Giuseppina La Rosa Marta Fratini Simonetta della Libera Marcello Iaconelli Michele Muscillo |
| author_sort | Giuseppina La Rosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among microorganisms, viruses are best fit to become emerging pathogens since they are able to adapt not only by mutation but also through recombination and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most hazardous waterborne pathogens, causing both sporadic and outbreak-related illness. The main health effect associated with enteric viruses is gastrointestinal illness, but they can also cause respiratory symptoms, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, central nervous system infections, and chronic diseases. Non-enteric viruses, such as respiratory and epitheliotrophic viruses are not considered waterborne, as they are not readily transmitted to water sources from infected individuals. The present review will focus on viral pathogens shown to be transmitted through water. It will also provide an overview of viruses that had not been a concern for waterborne transmission in the past, but that may represent potentially emerging waterborne pathogens due to their occurrence and persistence in water environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T21:24:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33282c9a6a314dc6b3d5dd49332a96c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0021-2571 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T21:24:34Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | Istituto Superiore di Sanità |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità |
| spelling | doaj.art-33282c9a6a314dc6b3d5dd49332a96c12022-12-21T17:30:39ZengIstituto Superiore di SanitàAnnali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità0021-25712012-12-0148439740610.4415/ANN_12_04_07S0021-25712012000400007Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environmentsGiuseppina La Rosa0Marta Fratini1Simonetta della Libera2Marcello Iaconelli3Michele Muscillo4Istituto Superiore di SanitàIstituto Superiore di SanitàIstituto Superiore di SanitàIstituto Superiore di SanitàIstituto Superiore di SanitàAmong microorganisms, viruses are best fit to become emerging pathogens since they are able to adapt not only by mutation but also through recombination and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most hazardous waterborne pathogens, causing both sporadic and outbreak-related illness. The main health effect associated with enteric viruses is gastrointestinal illness, but they can also cause respiratory symptoms, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, central nervous system infections, and chronic diseases. Non-enteric viruses, such as respiratory and epitheliotrophic viruses are not considered waterborne, as they are not readily transmitted to water sources from infected individuals. The present review will focus on viral pathogens shown to be transmitted through water. It will also provide an overview of viruses that had not been a concern for waterborne transmission in the past, but that may represent potentially emerging waterborne pathogens due to their occurrence and persistence in water environments.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0021-25712012000400007&lng=en&tlng=envirusmalattie idrotrasmessepatogeni emergentiacque potabiliacque ricreative |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppina La Rosa Marta Fratini Simonetta della Libera Marcello Iaconelli Michele Muscillo Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità virus malattie idrotrasmesse patogeni emergenti acque potabili acque ricreative |
| title | Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments |
| title_full | Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments |
| title_fullStr | Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments |
| title_short | Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments |
| title_sort | emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments |
| topic | virus malattie idrotrasmesse patogeni emergenti acque potabili acque ricreative |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0021-25712012000400007&lng=en&tlng=en |
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