Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China
Abstract A large-scale sand liquefaction producing typical and novel surface phenomena was found at the epicenter of Songyuan M5.7 earthquake occurring on May 28, 2018. Field survey and experimental test encompassing boring sampling, standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), scan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13549-8 |
| _version_ | 1811258037863710720 |
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| author | Ping Li Zhaoyang Tian Jingshan Bo Sheng Zhu Yuying Li |
| author_facet | Ping Li Zhaoyang Tian Jingshan Bo Sheng Zhu Yuying Li |
| author_sort | Ping Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A large-scale sand liquefaction producing typical and novel surface phenomena was found at the epicenter of Songyuan M5.7 earthquake occurring on May 28, 2018. Field survey and experimental test encompassing boring sampling, standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were performed to ascertain the liquefaction damage and site characteristic. Cone penetration test is an excellent assay for the identification of liquefied sand layer and acquisition of physio-mechanical parameter. Moreover, the assay is applicable for in-situ post-earthquake investigation. Factors promoting the formation and controlling the distribution of the sand liquefaction were analyzed. The liquefaction impacted an 80 km2 area, and was primarily embodied as sand boil and water sprout on rice field, despite producing no significant structural damage. Due to the simple profile of local soil layer, ground motion, geomorphic condition, and groundwater level were the main factors governing the distribution of the liquefaction. Majority of the liquefied sand layer was discovered at the depth less than 10 m. However, deep layer liquefaction at the depth greater than 18 m was also discovered, which was demonstrated by the upward movement of liquefied sand towards the upper silty clay layer at the depth of 17 m. Most importantly, we have identified loess liquefaction, a phenomenon which had not been reported previously in Northeast China. Lastly, it is important to highlight the risk of significant liquefaction damage at Songyuan. Hence, investigating the liquefaction risk is potentially beneficial for augmenting planning on earthquake mitigation, engineering reconnaissance, and design project. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:07:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33296b09daca438ea819aed4157ed942 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:07:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-33296b09daca438ea819aed4157ed9422022-12-22T03:21:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-06-0112111210.1038/s41598-022-13549-8Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in ChinaPing Li0Zhaoyang Tian1Jingshan Bo2Sheng Zhu3Yuying Li4Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake AdministrationInstitute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake AdministrationInstitute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake AdministrationInstitute of Disaster PreventionInstitute of Disaster PreventionAbstract A large-scale sand liquefaction producing typical and novel surface phenomena was found at the epicenter of Songyuan M5.7 earthquake occurring on May 28, 2018. Field survey and experimental test encompassing boring sampling, standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were performed to ascertain the liquefaction damage and site characteristic. Cone penetration test is an excellent assay for the identification of liquefied sand layer and acquisition of physio-mechanical parameter. Moreover, the assay is applicable for in-situ post-earthquake investigation. Factors promoting the formation and controlling the distribution of the sand liquefaction were analyzed. The liquefaction impacted an 80 km2 area, and was primarily embodied as sand boil and water sprout on rice field, despite producing no significant structural damage. Due to the simple profile of local soil layer, ground motion, geomorphic condition, and groundwater level were the main factors governing the distribution of the liquefaction. Majority of the liquefied sand layer was discovered at the depth less than 10 m. However, deep layer liquefaction at the depth greater than 18 m was also discovered, which was demonstrated by the upward movement of liquefied sand towards the upper silty clay layer at the depth of 17 m. Most importantly, we have identified loess liquefaction, a phenomenon which had not been reported previously in Northeast China. Lastly, it is important to highlight the risk of significant liquefaction damage at Songyuan. Hence, investigating the liquefaction risk is potentially beneficial for augmenting planning on earthquake mitigation, engineering reconnaissance, and design project.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13549-8 |
| spellingShingle | Ping Li Zhaoyang Tian Jingshan Bo Sheng Zhu Yuying Li Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China Scientific Reports |
| title | Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China |
| title_full | Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China |
| title_fullStr | Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China |
| title_short | Study on sand liquefaction induced by Songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of M5.7 in China |
| title_sort | study on sand liquefaction induced by songyuan earthquake with a magnitude of m5 7 in china |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13549-8 |
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