A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications
A radiative transfer simulator was developed to compute the synthetic data of all three instruments onboard NASA’s Plankton Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory, and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The instrument suite includes the ocean color instrument (OCI), the Hyper-Angular Ra...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2022.840188/full |
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| author | Peng-Wang Zhai Meng Gao Meng Gao Bryan A. Franz P. Jeremy Werdell Amir Ibrahim Yongxiang Hu Jacek Chowdhary Jacek Chowdhary |
| author_facet | Peng-Wang Zhai Meng Gao Meng Gao Bryan A. Franz P. Jeremy Werdell Amir Ibrahim Yongxiang Hu Jacek Chowdhary Jacek Chowdhary |
| author_sort | Peng-Wang Zhai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A radiative transfer simulator was developed to compute the synthetic data of all three instruments onboard NASA’s Plankton Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory, and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The instrument suite includes the ocean color instrument (OCI), the Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter 2 (HARP2), and the Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary Exploration 1 (SPEXone). The PACE simulator is wrapped around a monochromatic radiative transfer model based on the successive order of scattering (RTSOS), which accounts for atmosphere and ocean coupling, polarization, and gas absorption. Inelastic scattering, including Raman scattering from pure ocean water, fluorescence due to chlorophyll, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is also simulated. This PACE simulator can be used to explore the sensitivity of the hyperspectral and polarized reflectance of the Earth system with tunable atmosphere and ocean parameters, which include aerosol and cloud number concentration, refractive indices, and size distribution, ocean particle microphysical parameters, and solar and sensor-viewing geometry. The PACE simulator is used to study two important case studies. One is the impact of the significant uncertainty in pure ocean water absorption coefficient to the radiance field in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region, which can be as much as 6%. The other is the influence of different amounts of brown carbon aerosols and CDOM on the polarized radiance field at TOA. The percentage variation of the radiance field due to CDOM is mostly for wavelengths smaller than 600 nm, while brown aerosols affect the whole spectrum from 350 to 890 nm, primarily due to covaried soot aerosols. Both case studies are important for aerosol and ocean color remote sensing and have not been previously reported in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:07:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3335c44abe5e4930a4537d04a9a71f2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6187 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:07:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-3335c44abe5e4930a4537d04a9a71f2a2023-01-02T12:42:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Remote Sensing2673-61872022-02-01310.3389/frsen.2022.840188840188A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and ApplicationsPeng-Wang Zhai0Meng Gao1Meng Gao2Bryan A. Franz3P. Jeremy Werdell4Amir Ibrahim5Yongxiang Hu6Jacek Chowdhary7Jacek Chowdhary8Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United StatesOcean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, United StatesOcean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesOcean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesOcean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United StatesNASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United StatesA radiative transfer simulator was developed to compute the synthetic data of all three instruments onboard NASA’s Plankton Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory, and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The instrument suite includes the ocean color instrument (OCI), the Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter 2 (HARP2), and the Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary Exploration 1 (SPEXone). The PACE simulator is wrapped around a monochromatic radiative transfer model based on the successive order of scattering (RTSOS), which accounts for atmosphere and ocean coupling, polarization, and gas absorption. Inelastic scattering, including Raman scattering from pure ocean water, fluorescence due to chlorophyll, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is also simulated. This PACE simulator can be used to explore the sensitivity of the hyperspectral and polarized reflectance of the Earth system with tunable atmosphere and ocean parameters, which include aerosol and cloud number concentration, refractive indices, and size distribution, ocean particle microphysical parameters, and solar and sensor-viewing geometry. The PACE simulator is used to study two important case studies. One is the impact of the significant uncertainty in pure ocean water absorption coefficient to the radiance field in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region, which can be as much as 6%. The other is the influence of different amounts of brown carbon aerosols and CDOM on the polarized radiance field at TOA. The percentage variation of the radiance field due to CDOM is mostly for wavelengths smaller than 600 nm, while brown aerosols affect the whole spectrum from 350 to 890 nm, primarily due to covaried soot aerosols. Both case studies are important for aerosol and ocean color remote sensing and have not been previously reported in the literature.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2022.840188/fullPACEradiative transferocean colorultravioletCDOMBrown carbon aerosols |
| spellingShingle | Peng-Wang Zhai Meng Gao Meng Gao Bryan A. Franz P. Jeremy Werdell Amir Ibrahim Yongxiang Hu Jacek Chowdhary Jacek Chowdhary A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications Frontiers in Remote Sensing PACE radiative transfer ocean color ultraviolet CDOM Brown carbon aerosols |
| title | A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications |
| title_full | A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications |
| title_fullStr | A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications |
| title_short | A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications |
| title_sort | radiative transfer simulator for pace theory and applications |
| topic | PACE radiative transfer ocean color ultraviolet CDOM Brown carbon aerosols |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2022.840188/full |
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