Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations
In Europe, offshore wind farms have a capacity of 16 GW, with 71% installed at the North Sea. These wind farms represent an additional source of turbulence and may influence the stratification of the marine boundary layer. We present aircraft measurements and simulations showing an impact on tempera...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaea0b |
| _version_ | 1797748115405537280 |
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| author | S K Siedersleben J K Lundquist A Platis J Bange K Bärfuss A Lampert B Cañadillas T Neumann S Emeis |
| author_facet | S K Siedersleben J K Lundquist A Platis J Bange K Bärfuss A Lampert B Cañadillas T Neumann S Emeis |
| author_sort | S K Siedersleben |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In Europe, offshore wind farms have a capacity of 16 GW, with 71% installed at the North Sea. These wind farms represent an additional source of turbulence and may influence the stratification of the marine boundary layer. We present aircraft measurements and simulations showing an impact on temperature and humidity at hub height in the order of 0.5 K and 0.5 g kg ^−1 even 60 km downwind of a wind farm cluster. We extend these simulations to explore a realistic future scenario, suggesting wakes in potential temperature and water vapor propagating more than 100 km downwind. Such impacts of wind farms are only observed in case of a strong stable stratification at rotor height, allowing wind farms to mix warmer air downward. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:00:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-333a4aff2a4848439a412f9db57d4e41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:00:23Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-333a4aff2a4848439a412f9db57d4e412023-08-09T14:37:52ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262018-01-01131212401210.1088/1748-9326/aaea0bMicrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulationsS K Siedersleben0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-1471J K Lundquist1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5490-2702A Platis2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9276-3587J Bange3K Bärfuss4A Lampert5B Cañadillas6T Neumann7S Emeis8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-6212Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), GermanyUniversity of Colorado , Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of AmericaEnvironmental Physics, ZAG, University of Tübingen, GermanyEnvironmental Physics, ZAG, University of Tübingen, GermanyInstitute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig , GermanyInstitute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig , GermanyUL International GmbH, GermanyUL International GmbH, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), GermanyIn Europe, offshore wind farms have a capacity of 16 GW, with 71% installed at the North Sea. These wind farms represent an additional source of turbulence and may influence the stratification of the marine boundary layer. We present aircraft measurements and simulations showing an impact on temperature and humidity at hub height in the order of 0.5 K and 0.5 g kg ^−1 even 60 km downwind of a wind farm cluster. We extend these simulations to explore a realistic future scenario, suggesting wakes in potential temperature and water vapor propagating more than 100 km downwind. Such impacts of wind farms are only observed in case of a strong stable stratification at rotor height, allowing wind farms to mix warmer air downward.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaea0bwind farm parameterizationairborne measurementsmarine atmospheric boundary layeroffshore wind farms |
| spellingShingle | S K Siedersleben J K Lundquist A Platis J Bange K Bärfuss A Lampert B Cañadillas T Neumann S Emeis Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations Environmental Research Letters wind farm parameterization airborne measurements marine atmospheric boundary layer offshore wind farms |
| title | Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations |
| title_full | Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations |
| title_fullStr | Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations |
| title_short | Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations |
| title_sort | micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations |
| topic | wind farm parameterization airborne measurements marine atmospheric boundary layer offshore wind farms |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaea0b |
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