Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells
Tendon injuries occur commonly in horses and their repair through scar tissue formation predisposes horses to a high rate of re-injury. Pluripotent stem cells may provide a cell replacement therapy to improve tendon tissue regeneration and lower the frequency of re-injury. We have previously demonst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fvets.2015.00055/full |
| _version_ | 1818447788284837888 |
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| author | Emma Patricia Bavin Olivia eSmith Arabella E. G. Baird Lawrence C. Smith Deborah J. Guest |
| author_facet | Emma Patricia Bavin Olivia eSmith Arabella E. G. Baird Lawrence C. Smith Deborah J. Guest |
| author_sort | Emma Patricia Bavin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tendon injuries occur commonly in horses and their repair through scar tissue formation predisposes horses to a high rate of re-injury. Pluripotent stem cells may provide a cell replacement therapy to improve tendon tissue regeneration and lower the frequency of re-injury. We have previously demonstrated that equine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate into the tendon cell lineage upon injection into the damaged horse tendon and can differentiate into functional tendon cells in vitro to generate artificial tendons. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have now been derived from horses but, to date, there are no reports on their ability to differentiate into tendon cells. As iPSCs can be produced from adult cell types, they provide a more accessible source of cells than ESCs, which require the use of horse embryos. The aim of this study was to compare tendon differentiation by ESCs and iPSCs produced through two independent methods. In 2-dimensional differentiation assays the iPSCs expressed tendon associated genes and proteins, which were enhanced by the presence of transforming growth factor-β3. However, in 3-dimensional differentiation assays the iPSCs failed to differentiate into functional tendon cells and generate artificial tendons. These results demonstrate the utility of the 3-dimensional in vitro tendon assay for measuring tendon differentiation and the need for more detailed studies to be performed on equine iPSCs to identify and understand their epigenetic differences from pluripotent ESCs prior to their clinical application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:09:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33498bbf478f4fc5baa62d72677c65e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:09:11Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-33498bbf478f4fc5baa62d72677c65e02022-12-21T22:48:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692015-11-01210.3389/fvets.2015.00055169516Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cellsEmma Patricia Bavin0Olivia eSmith1Arabella E. G. Baird2Lawrence C. Smith3Deborah J. Guest4Animal Health TrustUniversité de MontréalAnimal Health TrustUniversité de MontréalAnimal Health TrustTendon injuries occur commonly in horses and their repair through scar tissue formation predisposes horses to a high rate of re-injury. Pluripotent stem cells may provide a cell replacement therapy to improve tendon tissue regeneration and lower the frequency of re-injury. We have previously demonstrated that equine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate into the tendon cell lineage upon injection into the damaged horse tendon and can differentiate into functional tendon cells in vitro to generate artificial tendons. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have now been derived from horses but, to date, there are no reports on their ability to differentiate into tendon cells. As iPSCs can be produced from adult cell types, they provide a more accessible source of cells than ESCs, which require the use of horse embryos. The aim of this study was to compare tendon differentiation by ESCs and iPSCs produced through two independent methods. In 2-dimensional differentiation assays the iPSCs expressed tendon associated genes and proteins, which were enhanced by the presence of transforming growth factor-β3. However, in 3-dimensional differentiation assays the iPSCs failed to differentiate into functional tendon cells and generate artificial tendons. These results demonstrate the utility of the 3-dimensional in vitro tendon assay for measuring tendon differentiation and the need for more detailed studies to be performed on equine iPSCs to identify and understand their epigenetic differences from pluripotent ESCs prior to their clinical application.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fvets.2015.00055/fullEmbryonic Stem CellsInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsTendonsdifferentiationEquine |
| spellingShingle | Emma Patricia Bavin Olivia eSmith Arabella E. G. Baird Lawrence C. Smith Deborah J. Guest Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells Frontiers in Veterinary Science Embryonic Stem Cells Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Tendons differentiation Equine |
| title | Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells |
| title_full | Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells |
| title_fullStr | Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells |
| title_short | Equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells |
| title_sort | equine induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced tendon differentiation capacity compared to embryonic stem cells |
| topic | Embryonic Stem Cells Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Tendons differentiation Equine |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fvets.2015.00055/full |
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