Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants
Lutein and its <i>cis</i>-isomers occur in a lot of plants, including a variety of flowers. In this study, lutein isomers were produced via iodine-catalyzed isomerization, and four <i>cis</i>-isomers (9<i>Z</i>-, 9′<i>Z</i>-, 13<i>Z</i>-, a...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1187 |
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| author | Veronika Nagy Attila Agócs Viktória L. Balázs Dragica Purger Rita Filep Viktor Sándor Erika Turcsi Gergely Gulyás-Fekete József Deli |
| author_facet | Veronika Nagy Attila Agócs Viktória L. Balázs Dragica Purger Rita Filep Viktor Sándor Erika Turcsi Gergely Gulyás-Fekete József Deli |
| author_sort | Veronika Nagy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lutein and its <i>cis</i>-isomers occur in a lot of plants, including a variety of flowers. In this study, lutein isomers were produced via iodine-catalyzed isomerization, and four <i>cis</i>-isomers (9<i>Z</i>-, 9′<i>Z</i>-, 13<i>Z</i>-, and 13<i>Z</i>′) were isolated by means of column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of the 9′<i>Z</i>- and 13′<i>Z</i>-isomers were elucidated via NMR measurements. These compounds were used as standards for the HPLC-DAD-MS determination of the carotenoid composition of the flowers of 20 plant species, in which lutein and its geometrical isomers are the main components. The flowers showed great variation in their <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-lutein content, and also in the presence or absence of other carotenoids, such as violaxanthin, neoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene. Some of the investigated flowers were found to be rich sources of lutein without zeaxanthin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-336b53f6dba24a1085ae7e83b81cd0d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-336b53f6dba24a1085ae7e83b81cd0d62023-11-16T17:28:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-01283118710.3390/molecules28031187Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal PlantsVeronika Nagy0Attila Agócs1Viktória L. Balázs2Dragica Purger3Rita Filep4Viktor Sándor5Erika Turcsi6Gergely Gulyás-Fekete7József Deli8Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryInstitute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryLutein and its <i>cis</i>-isomers occur in a lot of plants, including a variety of flowers. In this study, lutein isomers were produced via iodine-catalyzed isomerization, and four <i>cis</i>-isomers (9<i>Z</i>-, 9′<i>Z</i>-, 13<i>Z</i>-, and 13<i>Z</i>′) were isolated by means of column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of the 9′<i>Z</i>- and 13′<i>Z</i>-isomers were elucidated via NMR measurements. These compounds were used as standards for the HPLC-DAD-MS determination of the carotenoid composition of the flowers of 20 plant species, in which lutein and its geometrical isomers are the main components. The flowers showed great variation in their <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-lutein content, and also in the presence or absence of other carotenoids, such as violaxanthin, neoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene. Some of the investigated flowers were found to be rich sources of lutein without zeaxanthin.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1187lutein<i>cis</i>-isomersanalysisisomerizationHPLC-DAD-MSNMR |
| spellingShingle | Veronika Nagy Attila Agócs Viktória L. Balázs Dragica Purger Rita Filep Viktor Sándor Erika Turcsi Gergely Gulyás-Fekete József Deli Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants Molecules lutein <i>cis</i>-isomers analysis isomerization HPLC-DAD-MS NMR |
| title | Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants |
| title_full | Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants |
| title_fullStr | Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants |
| title_short | Lutein Isomers: Preparation, Separation, Structure Elucidation, and Occurrence in 20 Medicinal Plants |
| title_sort | lutein isomers preparation separation structure elucidation and occurrence in 20 medicinal plants |
| topic | lutein <i>cis</i>-isomers analysis isomerization HPLC-DAD-MS NMR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1187 |
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