Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons
Explosions of benzene, toluene and xylenes were carried out in a 16.7 L chamber in the presence of O2 at different fuel-rich molar ratios such that an aerosol of elemental carbon was produced. The product was a powder at higher precursor oxygen content and an aerosol gel at lower oxygen where the ca...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Carbon Trends |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000615 |
| _version_ | 1827578458911277056 |
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| author | Shusil Sigdel Justin P. Wright Jose Covarrubias Archana Sekar Kamalambika Mutthukumar Stefan H. Bossmann Jun Li Arjun Nepal Stephen Corkill Christopher M. Sorensen |
| author_facet | Shusil Sigdel Justin P. Wright Jose Covarrubias Archana Sekar Kamalambika Mutthukumar Stefan H. Bossmann Jun Li Arjun Nepal Stephen Corkill Christopher M. Sorensen |
| author_sort | Shusil Sigdel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Explosions of benzene, toluene and xylenes were carried out in a 16.7 L chamber in the presence of O2 at different fuel-rich molar ratios such that an aerosol of elemental carbon was produced. The product was a powder at higher precursor oxygen content and an aerosol gel at lower oxygen where the carbon yield was larger. The explosion temperature was measured by a spectrometer that detected black body, Planck radiation from the incandescent carbon, the analysis of which indicated temperatures in the range 2000–2500 K. The product collected was characterized by Raman, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), etc. HRTEM and Raman showed two product types: amorphous soot at a lower explosion temperature and few-layer graphene at a higher explosion temperature. BET showed that the graphene sample is highly porous and has a specific surface area of 388 m2/g. We conclude that chamber explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons can produce graphene, and the high explosion temperature during the reaction is the primary reason graphene is formed rather than soot. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:46:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-336d2030f8204f48aa7cd36ae392e5f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-0569 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:46:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Carbon Trends |
| spelling | doaj.art-336d2030f8204f48aa7cd36ae392e5f92023-12-20T07:39:30ZengElsevierCarbon Trends2667-05692023-12-0113100306Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbonsShusil Sigdel0Justin P. Wright1Jose Covarrubias2Archana Sekar3Kamalambika Mutthukumar4Stefan H. Bossmann5Jun Li6Arjun Nepal7Stephen Corkill8Christopher M. Sorensen9Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USADepartment of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Hydrograph Clean Power Inc., Manhattan, KS 66502, USADepartment of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Hydrograph Clean Power Inc., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.Explosions of benzene, toluene and xylenes were carried out in a 16.7 L chamber in the presence of O2 at different fuel-rich molar ratios such that an aerosol of elemental carbon was produced. The product was a powder at higher precursor oxygen content and an aerosol gel at lower oxygen where the carbon yield was larger. The explosion temperature was measured by a spectrometer that detected black body, Planck radiation from the incandescent carbon, the analysis of which indicated temperatures in the range 2000–2500 K. The product collected was characterized by Raman, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), etc. HRTEM and Raman showed two product types: amorphous soot at a lower explosion temperature and few-layer graphene at a higher explosion temperature. BET showed that the graphene sample is highly porous and has a specific surface area of 388 m2/g. We conclude that chamber explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons can produce graphene, and the high explosion temperature during the reaction is the primary reason graphene is formed rather than soot.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000615Multi-layer grapheneTurbostraticExplosion synthesisAerosol gelO/C ratio |
| spellingShingle | Shusil Sigdel Justin P. Wright Jose Covarrubias Archana Sekar Kamalambika Mutthukumar Stefan H. Bossmann Jun Li Arjun Nepal Stephen Corkill Christopher M. Sorensen Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons Carbon Trends Multi-layer graphene Turbostratic Explosion synthesis Aerosol gel O/C ratio |
| title | Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_full | Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_fullStr | Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_short | Graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons |
| title_sort | graphene nanosheets from the controlled explosion of aromatic hydrocarbons |
| topic | Multi-layer graphene Turbostratic Explosion synthesis Aerosol gel O/C ratio |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000615 |
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