Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry
ABSTRACT Increasing evidence indicates the significant racial difference in gut, vaginal, and skin microbiomes. However, little is known regarding the racial difference in the oral microbiome. In this study, deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was utilized to assess the oral microbiome in mouth rinse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2019-12-01
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| Series: | mSystems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00639-19 |
| _version_ | 1819036500547862528 |
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| author | Yaohua Yang Wei Zheng Qiuyin Cai Martha J. Shrubsole Zhiheng Pei Robert Brucker Mark Steinwandel Seth R. Bordenstein Zhigang Li William J. Blot Xiao-Ou Shu Jirong Long |
| author_facet | Yaohua Yang Wei Zheng Qiuyin Cai Martha J. Shrubsole Zhiheng Pei Robert Brucker Mark Steinwandel Seth R. Bordenstein Zhigang Li William J. Blot Xiao-Ou Shu Jirong Long |
| author_sort | Yaohua Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Increasing evidence indicates the significant racial difference in gut, vaginal, and skin microbiomes. However, little is known regarding the racial difference in the oral microbiome. In this study, deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was utilized to assess the oral microbiome in mouth rinse samples of 1,058 African-Americans (AAs) and 558 European-Americans (EAs) from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Generally, AAs had a higher species richness than EAs, with P = 5.28 × 10−14 (Wilcoxon rank sum test) for Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index. A significant difference in overall microbiome composition was observed between AAs and EAs, with P = 5.94 × 10−4 (MiRKAT) for the weighted UniFrac distance matrix. We also found 32 bacterial taxa showing a significant differential abundance or prevalence between the two racial groups at a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05 in linear or logistic regression analyses. Generally, AAs showed a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Interestingly, four periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis, were more prevalent among AAs than among EAs, with Bonferroni-corrected P values of 5.23 × 10−6, 4.47 × 10−6, 1.08 × 10−3, and 4.49 × 10−5, respectively. In addition, all of these 32 taxa were significantly correlated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. These findings call for research to understand how the racial difference in oral microbiome influences the health disparity. IMPORTANCE In this systemic investigation of racial differences in the oral microbiome using a large data set, we disclosed the significant differences in the oral microbial richness/evenness, as well as in the overall microbial composition, between African-Americans and European-Americans. We also found multiple oral bacterial taxa, including several preidentified oral pathogens, showing a significant different abundance or prevalence between African-Americans and European-Americans. Furthermore, these taxa were consistently found to be associated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. Our findings warrant further research to understand how the racial difference in the oral microbiome influences the health disparity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:06:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-336d5f9a4d484c53b6e9c0e528a3df50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2379-5077 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:06:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mSystems |
| spelling | doaj.art-336d5f9a4d484c53b6e9c0e528a3df502022-12-21T19:10:46ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSystems2379-50772019-12-014610.1128/mSystems.00639-19Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European AncestryYaohua Yang0Wei Zheng1Qiuyin Cai2Martha J. Shrubsole3Zhiheng Pei4Robert Brucker5Mark Steinwandel6Seth R. Bordenstein7Zhigang Li8William J. Blot9Xiao-Ou Shu10Jirong Long11Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADepartment of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USARowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USAInternational Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Rockville, Maryland, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USADepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USADivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USAABSTRACT Increasing evidence indicates the significant racial difference in gut, vaginal, and skin microbiomes. However, little is known regarding the racial difference in the oral microbiome. In this study, deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was utilized to assess the oral microbiome in mouth rinse samples of 1,058 African-Americans (AAs) and 558 European-Americans (EAs) from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Generally, AAs had a higher species richness than EAs, with P = 5.28 × 10−14 (Wilcoxon rank sum test) for Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index. A significant difference in overall microbiome composition was observed between AAs and EAs, with P = 5.94 × 10−4 (MiRKAT) for the weighted UniFrac distance matrix. We also found 32 bacterial taxa showing a significant differential abundance or prevalence between the two racial groups at a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05 in linear or logistic regression analyses. Generally, AAs showed a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Interestingly, four periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis, were more prevalent among AAs than among EAs, with Bonferroni-corrected P values of 5.23 × 10−6, 4.47 × 10−6, 1.08 × 10−3, and 4.49 × 10−5, respectively. In addition, all of these 32 taxa were significantly correlated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. These findings call for research to understand how the racial difference in oral microbiome influences the health disparity. IMPORTANCE In this systemic investigation of racial differences in the oral microbiome using a large data set, we disclosed the significant differences in the oral microbial richness/evenness, as well as in the overall microbial composition, between African-Americans and European-Americans. We also found multiple oral bacterial taxa, including several preidentified oral pathogens, showing a significant different abundance or prevalence between African-Americans and European-Americans. Furthermore, these taxa were consistently found to be associated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. Our findings warrant further research to understand how the racial difference in the oral microbiome influences the health disparity.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00639-19oral microbiomeracial difference |
| spellingShingle | Yaohua Yang Wei Zheng Qiuyin Cai Martha J. Shrubsole Zhiheng Pei Robert Brucker Mark Steinwandel Seth R. Bordenstein Zhigang Li William J. Blot Xiao-Ou Shu Jirong Long Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry mSystems oral microbiome racial difference |
| title | Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry |
| title_full | Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry |
| title_fullStr | Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry |
| title_short | Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry |
| title_sort | racial differences in the oral microbiome data from low income populations of african ancestry and european ancestry |
| topic | oral microbiome racial difference |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00639-19 |
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