Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells
Microbial contaminations represent an important issue for crop production, resulting in tons of losses worldwide every year. One of the highest-risk pathogens involved in these infections is <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, which is responsible for the grey mold disease. In this study, a biosurf...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/6/528 |
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| author | Alejandro López-Prieto Ana Belén Moldes José Manuel Cruz Benita Pérez-Cid |
| author_facet | Alejandro López-Prieto Ana Belén Moldes José Manuel Cruz Benita Pérez-Cid |
| author_sort | Alejandro López-Prieto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbial contaminations represent an important issue for crop production, resulting in tons of losses worldwide every year. One of the highest-risk pathogens involved in these infections is <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, which is responsible for the grey mold disease. In this study, a biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor (CSL), an agro-industrial residue from the corn-milling industry, was used in combination with copper oxychloride (Cu-Oxy), a copper-based pesticide, to evaluate their fungitoxic activity on <i>B. cinerea</i> cells. The results showed that the mixture of 2 g/L of Cu-Oxy with 16 g/L of the biosurfactant extract from CSL, named biosurfactant pesticide formulation (BS-P), helped in the reduction of colony growth, in the decrease of biomass production, and in the improvement of copper bioaccumulation on fungal mycelium in comparison with aqueous solutions of commercial and pure-copper-based fungicides. A factorial design was conducted to obtain the best operational conditions for enhancing the bioaccumulation of copper by <i>B. cinerea</i> cells in the presence of BS-P, resulting in a maximum copper uptake of 2122 µg Cu/g dry weight when using 1 g/L of Cu-Oxy combined with 8 g/L of CSL biosurfactant extract at an incubation temperature of 15 °C. It was also proved that, due to the absence of the biosurfactant extract, the amount of copper bio-adsorbed by fungal mycelium was considerably decreased and, therefore, so was its fungitoxic activity. These results suggest that the biosurfactant extract studied could be involved in eco-friendlier pesticide formulations, reducing the environmental impact of copper-based active principles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:29:33Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:29:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-336db5852fe649baa8357bd917fac2e02023-11-18T10:21:00ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372023-05-019652810.3390/fermentation9060528Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> CellsAlejandro López-Prieto0Ana Belén Moldes1José Manuel Cruz2Benita Pérez-Cid3Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Centro de CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Centro de CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Centro de CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, SpainFood and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, SpainMicrobial contaminations represent an important issue for crop production, resulting in tons of losses worldwide every year. One of the highest-risk pathogens involved in these infections is <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, which is responsible for the grey mold disease. In this study, a biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor (CSL), an agro-industrial residue from the corn-milling industry, was used in combination with copper oxychloride (Cu-Oxy), a copper-based pesticide, to evaluate their fungitoxic activity on <i>B. cinerea</i> cells. The results showed that the mixture of 2 g/L of Cu-Oxy with 16 g/L of the biosurfactant extract from CSL, named biosurfactant pesticide formulation (BS-P), helped in the reduction of colony growth, in the decrease of biomass production, and in the improvement of copper bioaccumulation on fungal mycelium in comparison with aqueous solutions of commercial and pure-copper-based fungicides. A factorial design was conducted to obtain the best operational conditions for enhancing the bioaccumulation of copper by <i>B. cinerea</i> cells in the presence of BS-P, resulting in a maximum copper uptake of 2122 µg Cu/g dry weight when using 1 g/L of Cu-Oxy combined with 8 g/L of CSL biosurfactant extract at an incubation temperature of 15 °C. It was also proved that, due to the absence of the biosurfactant extract, the amount of copper bio-adsorbed by fungal mycelium was considerably decreased and, therefore, so was its fungitoxic activity. These results suggest that the biosurfactant extract studied could be involved in eco-friendlier pesticide formulations, reducing the environmental impact of copper-based active principles.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/6/528biosurfactantcorn steep liquor<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>pesticidebioaccumulationcopper oxychloride |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro López-Prieto Ana Belén Moldes José Manuel Cruz Benita Pérez-Cid Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells Fermentation biosurfactant corn steep liquor <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> pesticide bioaccumulation copper oxychloride |
| title | Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells |
| title_full | Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells |
| title_fullStr | Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells |
| title_short | Fungicide Effect of a Novelty Antimicrobial Biosurfactant Extract Alone or Combined with Copper Oxychloride on <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Cells |
| title_sort | fungicide effect of a novelty antimicrobial biosurfactant extract alone or combined with copper oxychloride on i botrytis cinerea i cells |
| topic | biosurfactant corn steep liquor <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> pesticide bioaccumulation copper oxychloride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/6/528 |
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