Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a well-known glycosaminoglycan, was physically crosslinked with Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions to obtain CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) polymeric particles for multipurpose biological applications. The CS–metal ion-containing particles in the mi...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/483 |
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| author | Selin S. Suner Mehtap Sahiner Evrim Umut Ramesh S. Ayyala Nurettin Sahiner |
| author_facet | Selin S. Suner Mehtap Sahiner Evrim Umut Ramesh S. Ayyala Nurettin Sahiner |
| author_sort | Selin S. Suner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a well-known glycosaminoglycan, was physically crosslinked with Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions to obtain CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) polymeric particles for multipurpose biological applications. The CS–metal ion-containing particles in the micrometer to a few hundred nanometer size range are injectable materials for intravenous administration. The CS–metal ion-containing particles are safe biomaterials for biological applications because of their perfect blood compatibility and no significant cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblast cells up to a 10 mg/mL concentration. Furthermore, CS-Zn(II) and CS-Cu(II) particles show excellent antibacterial susceptibility, with 2.5–5.0 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Moreover, the in vitro contrast enhancement abilities of aqueous CS–metal ion particle suspensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were determined by obtaining T<sub>1</sub>- and T<sub>2</sub>-weighted MR images using a 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner and by calculating the water proton relaxivities. Therefore, these CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) particles have significant potential as antibacterial additive materials and MRI contrast enhancement agents with less toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3377b576c9764dabbb2e072db516dd57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3377b576c9764dabbb2e072db516dd572023-11-17T20:49:34ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-03-0116448310.3390/ph16040483Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their BiosafetySelin S. Suner0Mehtap Sahiner1Evrim Umut2Ramesh S. Ayyala3Nurettin Sahiner4Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Imaging Techniques, School of Healthcare, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, TurkeyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USADepartment of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, TurkeyChondroitin sulfate (CS), a well-known glycosaminoglycan, was physically crosslinked with Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions to obtain CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) polymeric particles for multipurpose biological applications. The CS–metal ion-containing particles in the micrometer to a few hundred nanometer size range are injectable materials for intravenous administration. The CS–metal ion-containing particles are safe biomaterials for biological applications because of their perfect blood compatibility and no significant cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblast cells up to a 10 mg/mL concentration. Furthermore, CS-Zn(II) and CS-Cu(II) particles show excellent antibacterial susceptibility, with 2.5–5.0 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Moreover, the in vitro contrast enhancement abilities of aqueous CS–metal ion particle suspensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were determined by obtaining T<sub>1</sub>- and T<sub>2</sub>-weighted MR images using a 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner and by calculating the water proton relaxivities. Therefore, these CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) particles have significant potential as antibacterial additive materials and MRI contrast enhancement agents with less toxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/483chondroitin sulfate (CS)CS–metal ion particlesbiocompatibleantibacterialmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| spellingShingle | Selin S. Suner Mehtap Sahiner Evrim Umut Ramesh S. Ayyala Nurettin Sahiner Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety Pharmaceuticals chondroitin sulfate (CS) CS–metal ion particles biocompatible antibacterial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| title | Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety |
| title_full | Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety |
| title_fullStr | Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety |
| title_short | Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)–Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety |
| title_sort | physically crosslinked chondroitin sulfate cs metal ion m fe iii gd iii zn ii and cu ii particles for versatile applications and their biosafety |
| topic | chondroitin sulfate (CS) CS–metal ion particles biocompatible antibacterial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/483 |
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