New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1
The thermotolerant representative of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group, <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i>, reliably harbors the coding gene of cytotoxin K-1 (CytK-1). This protein is a highly cytotoxic variant of CytK toxin, initially recovered from a diarrheal foodborne outbreak th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/10/698 |
| _version_ | 1797513049238667264 |
|---|---|
| author | Klèma Marcel Koné Pauline Hinnekens Jelena Jovanovic Andreja Rajkovic Jacques Mahillon |
| author_facet | Klèma Marcel Koné Pauline Hinnekens Jelena Jovanovic Andreja Rajkovic Jacques Mahillon |
| author_sort | Klèma Marcel Koné |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The thermotolerant representative of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group, <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i>, reliably harbors the coding gene of cytotoxin K-1 (CytK-1). This protein is a highly cytotoxic variant of CytK toxin, initially recovered from a diarrheal foodborne outbreak that caused the death of three people. In recent years, the cytotoxicity of <i>B. cytotoxicus</i> has become controversial, with some strains displaying a high cytotoxicity while others show no cytotoxicity towards cell lines. In order to better circumscribe the potential pathogenic role of CytK-1, knockout (KO) mutants were constructed in two <i>B. cytotoxicus</i> strains, E8.1 and E28.3. The complementation of the <i>cytK-1</i> KO mutation was implemented in a mutant strain lacking in the <i>cytK-1</i> gene. Using the tetrazolium salt (MTT) method, cytotoxicity tests of the <i>cytK-1</i> KO and complemented mutants, as well as those of their wild-type strains, were carried out on Caco-2 cells. The results showed that <i>cytK-1</i> KO mutants were significantly less cytotoxic than the parental wild-type strains. However, the complemented mutant was as cytotoxic as the wild-type, suggesting that CytK-1 is the major cytotoxicity factor in <i>B. cytotoxicus.</i> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:10:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-337929c4a6f847f9bb073b1c91bd7212 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:10:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-337929c4a6f847f9bb073b1c91bd72122023-11-22T20:13:05ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-10-01131069810.3390/toxins13100698New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1Klèma Marcel Koné0Pauline Hinnekens1Jelena Jovanovic2Andreja Rajkovic3Jacques Mahillon4Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain, BelgiumLaboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain, Belgium Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), 9000 Ghent, BelgiumLaboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain, BelgiumThe thermotolerant representative of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group, <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i>, reliably harbors the coding gene of cytotoxin K-1 (CytK-1). This protein is a highly cytotoxic variant of CytK toxin, initially recovered from a diarrheal foodborne outbreak that caused the death of three people. In recent years, the cytotoxicity of <i>B. cytotoxicus</i> has become controversial, with some strains displaying a high cytotoxicity while others show no cytotoxicity towards cell lines. In order to better circumscribe the potential pathogenic role of CytK-1, knockout (KO) mutants were constructed in two <i>B. cytotoxicus</i> strains, E8.1 and E28.3. The complementation of the <i>cytK-1</i> KO mutation was implemented in a mutant strain lacking in the <i>cytK-1</i> gene. Using the tetrazolium salt (MTT) method, cytotoxicity tests of the <i>cytK-1</i> KO and complemented mutants, as well as those of their wild-type strains, were carried out on Caco-2 cells. The results showed that <i>cytK-1</i> KO mutants were significantly less cytotoxic than the parental wild-type strains. However, the complemented mutant was as cytotoxic as the wild-type, suggesting that CytK-1 is the major cytotoxicity factor in <i>B. cytotoxicus.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/10/698<i>Bacillus cereus</i><i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i>CytK-1cytotoxicityCaco-2 |
| spellingShingle | Klèma Marcel Koné Pauline Hinnekens Jelena Jovanovic Andreja Rajkovic Jacques Mahillon New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1 Toxins <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> CytK-1 cytotoxicity Caco-2 |
| title | New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1 |
| title_full | New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1 |
| title_fullStr | New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1 |
| title_short | New Insights into the Potential Cytotoxic Role of <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> Cytotoxin K-1 |
| title_sort | new insights into the potential cytotoxic role of i bacillus cytotoxicus i cytotoxin k 1 |
| topic | <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>Bacillus cytotoxicus</i> CytK-1 cytotoxicity Caco-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/10/698 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klemamarcelkone newinsightsintothepotentialcytotoxicroleofibacilluscytotoxicusicytotoxink1 AT paulinehinnekens newinsightsintothepotentialcytotoxicroleofibacilluscytotoxicusicytotoxink1 AT jelenajovanovic newinsightsintothepotentialcytotoxicroleofibacilluscytotoxicusicytotoxink1 AT andrejarajkovic newinsightsintothepotentialcytotoxicroleofibacilluscytotoxicusicytotoxink1 AT jacquesmahillon newinsightsintothepotentialcytotoxicroleofibacilluscytotoxicusicytotoxink1 |