Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles
Several Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit ‘impossible’ flight characteristics. We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters wi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/10/939 |
| _version_ | 1811186200965283840 |
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| author | Kevin H. Knuth Robert M. Powell Peter A. Reali |
| author_facet | Kevin H. Knuth Robert M. Powell Peter A. Reali |
| author_sort | Kevin H. Knuth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit ‘impossible’ flight characteristics. We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the <i>Nimitz</i> Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> to 1000s of gs with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations, the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising. The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel, i.e., if these observed accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:42:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-337b17ecb33a4c5fb97b98f281536351 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:42:41Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-337b17ecb33a4c5fb97b98f2815363512022-12-22T04:21:12ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002019-09-01211093910.3390/e21100939e21100939Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial VehiclesKevin H. Knuth0Robert M. Powell1Peter A. Reali2Department of Physics, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY 12222, USAScientific Coalition for UAP Studies (SCU), Fort Myers, FL 33913, USAScientific Coalition for UAP Studies (SCU), Fort Myers, FL 33913, USASeveral Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit ‘impossible’ flight characteristics. We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the <i>Nimitz</i> Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> to 1000s of gs with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations, the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising. The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel, i.e., if these observed accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/10/939uapuavufonimitztic-tac |
| spellingShingle | Kevin H. Knuth Robert M. Powell Peter A. Reali Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles Entropy uap uav ufo nimitz tic-tac |
| title | Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles |
| title_full | Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles |
| title_short | Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles |
| title_sort | estimating flight characteristics of anomalous unidentified aerial vehicles |
| topic | uap uav ufo nimitz tic-tac |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/10/939 |
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