Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay
The humoral response after vaccination was evaluated in 1248 individuals who received different COVID-19 vaccine schedules. The study compared subjects primed with adenoviral ChAdOx1-S (ChAd) and boosted with BNT162b2 (BNT) mRNA vaccines (ChAd/BNT) to homologous dosing with BNT/BNT or ChAd/ChAd vacc...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1162 |
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| author | Chiara Orlandi Giuseppe Stefanetti Simone Barocci Gloria Buffi Aurora Diotallevi Ettore Rocchi Marcello Ceccarelli Sara Peluso Daniela Vandini Eugenio Carlotti Mauro Magnani Luca Galluzzi Anna Casabianca |
| author_facet | Chiara Orlandi Giuseppe Stefanetti Simone Barocci Gloria Buffi Aurora Diotallevi Ettore Rocchi Marcello Ceccarelli Sara Peluso Daniela Vandini Eugenio Carlotti Mauro Magnani Luca Galluzzi Anna Casabianca |
| author_sort | Chiara Orlandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The humoral response after vaccination was evaluated in 1248 individuals who received different COVID-19 vaccine schedules. The study compared subjects primed with adenoviral ChAdOx1-S (ChAd) and boosted with BNT162b2 (BNT) mRNA vaccines (ChAd/BNT) to homologous dosing with BNT/BNT or ChAd/ChAd vaccines. Serum samples were collected at two, four and six months after vaccination, and anti-Spike IgG responses were determined. The heterologous vaccination induced a more robust immune response than the two homologous vaccinations. ChAd/BNT induced a stronger immune response than ChAd/ChAd at all time points, whereas the differences between ChAd/BNT and BNT/BNT decreased over time and were not significant at six months. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters associated with IgG decay were estimated by applying a first-order kinetics equation. ChAd/BNT vaccination was associated with the longest time of anti-S IgG negativization and with a slow decay of the titer over time. Finally, analyzing factors influencing the immune response by ANCOVA analysis, it was found that the vaccine schedule had a significant impact on both the IgG titer and kinetic parameters, and having a Body Mass Index (BMI) above the overweight threshold was associated with an impaired immune response. Overall, the heterologous ChAd/BNT vaccination may offer longer-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 than homologous vaccination strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-337fdf9d0ebb468382801d1b33f938a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-337fdf9d0ebb468382801d1b33f938a62023-11-18T03:39:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-05-01155116210.3390/v15051162Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody DecayChiara Orlandi0Giuseppe Stefanetti1Simone Barocci2Gloria Buffi3Aurora Diotallevi4Ettore Rocchi5Marcello Ceccarelli6Sara Peluso7Daniela Vandini8Eugenio Carlotti9Mauro Magnani10Luca Galluzzi11Anna Casabianca12Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche Area Vasta 1 (ASUR Marche AV1), Viale Comandino 70, 61029 Urbino, PU, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, BO, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, BO, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche Area Vasta 1 (ASUR Marche AV1), Viale Comandino 70, 61029 Urbino, PU, ItalyDepartment of Prevention, ASUR Marche AV1, Viale Comandino 21, 61029 Urbino, PU, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano, PU, ItalyThe humoral response after vaccination was evaluated in 1248 individuals who received different COVID-19 vaccine schedules. The study compared subjects primed with adenoviral ChAdOx1-S (ChAd) and boosted with BNT162b2 (BNT) mRNA vaccines (ChAd/BNT) to homologous dosing with BNT/BNT or ChAd/ChAd vaccines. Serum samples were collected at two, four and six months after vaccination, and anti-Spike IgG responses were determined. The heterologous vaccination induced a more robust immune response than the two homologous vaccinations. ChAd/BNT induced a stronger immune response than ChAd/ChAd at all time points, whereas the differences between ChAd/BNT and BNT/BNT decreased over time and were not significant at six months. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters associated with IgG decay were estimated by applying a first-order kinetics equation. ChAd/BNT vaccination was associated with the longest time of anti-S IgG negativization and with a slow decay of the titer over time. Finally, analyzing factors influencing the immune response by ANCOVA analysis, it was found that the vaccine schedule had a significant impact on both the IgG titer and kinetic parameters, and having a Body Mass Index (BMI) above the overweight threshold was associated with an impaired immune response. Overall, the heterologous ChAd/BNT vaccination may offer longer-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 than homologous vaccination strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1162SARS-CoV-2COVID-19heterologous vaccinationanti-Spike IgG responseantibody decay |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Orlandi Giuseppe Stefanetti Simone Barocci Gloria Buffi Aurora Diotallevi Ettore Rocchi Marcello Ceccarelli Sara Peluso Daniela Vandini Eugenio Carlotti Mauro Magnani Luca Galluzzi Anna Casabianca Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay Viruses SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 heterologous vaccination anti-Spike IgG response antibody decay |
| title | Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay |
| title_full | Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay |
| title_fullStr | Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay |
| title_short | Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay |
| title_sort | comparing heterologous and homologous covid 19 vaccination a longitudinal study of antibody decay |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 heterologous vaccination anti-Spike IgG response antibody decay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1162 |
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