Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism
The common cuckoo (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>) is an obligate brood parasite that has evolved a series of strategies to trick its hosts. The female cuckoo has been hypothesized to mimic the appearance and sounds of several raptors to deceive the hosts into exhibiting anti-predator behavior....
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1990 |
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| author | Jiaojiao Wang Laikun Ma Xiangyang Chen Canchao Yang |
| author_facet | Jiaojiao Wang Laikun Ma Xiangyang Chen Canchao Yang |
| author_sort | Jiaojiao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The common cuckoo (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>) is an obligate brood parasite that has evolved a series of strategies to trick its hosts. The female cuckoo has been hypothesized to mimic the appearance and sounds of several raptors to deceive the hosts into exhibiting anti-predator behavior. Such behavior would relax the protection of the host nest and thus allow the female cuckoo to approach the host nest unopposed. Many anti-parasite strategies have been found to vary among geographical populations due to different parasitic pressures from cuckoos. However, the effect of female cuckoo calls related to different levels of parasitic pressure has not been examined. Here, we studied the effect of female cuckoo calls on the oriental reed warbler (<i>Acrocephalus orientalis</i>), one of the major hosts of the common cuckoo, in two geographical populations experiencing different levels of parasite pressure. Four kinds of sounds were played back to the hosts: the calls from female common cuckoos, male common cuckoos, sparrowhawks (<i>Accipiter nisus</i>), and oriental turtle doves (<i>Streptopelia orientalis</i>). The results showed that the female cuckoo calls induced the hosts to leave their nests more frequently than the male cuckoo or dove calls in both populations, and two populations of the hosts reacted similarly to the female cuckoo calls, implying that the function of female cuckoo calls would not be affected by the difference in parasitism rate. This study indicates that female cuckoo calls function to distract the hosts’ attention from protecting their nests. However, we propose that such a deception by the female cuckoo call may not be due to the mimicry of sparrowhawk calls, but rather that the rapid cadence of the call that causes a sense of anxiety in the hosts. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3381cfdd987848a0973f19ad3a740e182023-12-03T12:26:20ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-08-011215199010.3390/ani12151990Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of ParasitismJiaojiao Wang0Laikun Ma1Xiangyang Chen2Canchao Yang3Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaThe common cuckoo (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>) is an obligate brood parasite that has evolved a series of strategies to trick its hosts. The female cuckoo has been hypothesized to mimic the appearance and sounds of several raptors to deceive the hosts into exhibiting anti-predator behavior. Such behavior would relax the protection of the host nest and thus allow the female cuckoo to approach the host nest unopposed. Many anti-parasite strategies have been found to vary among geographical populations due to different parasitic pressures from cuckoos. However, the effect of female cuckoo calls related to different levels of parasitic pressure has not been examined. Here, we studied the effect of female cuckoo calls on the oriental reed warbler (<i>Acrocephalus orientalis</i>), one of the major hosts of the common cuckoo, in two geographical populations experiencing different levels of parasite pressure. Four kinds of sounds were played back to the hosts: the calls from female common cuckoos, male common cuckoos, sparrowhawks (<i>Accipiter nisus</i>), and oriental turtle doves (<i>Streptopelia orientalis</i>). The results showed that the female cuckoo calls induced the hosts to leave their nests more frequently than the male cuckoo or dove calls in both populations, and two populations of the hosts reacted similarly to the female cuckoo calls, implying that the function of female cuckoo calls would not be affected by the difference in parasitism rate. This study indicates that female cuckoo calls function to distract the hosts’ attention from protecting their nests. However, we propose that such a deception by the female cuckoo call may not be due to the mimicry of sparrowhawk calls, but rather that the rapid cadence of the call that causes a sense of anxiety in the hosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1990anti-parasite strategyanti-predator behavioravian brood parasitismparasitic strategyvocal mimicry |
| spellingShingle | Jiaojiao Wang Laikun Ma Xiangyang Chen Canchao Yang Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism Animals anti-parasite strategy anti-predator behavior avian brood parasitism parasitic strategy vocal mimicry |
| title | Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism |
| title_full | Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism |
| title_fullStr | Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism |
| title_short | Female Cuckoo Calls Deceive Their Hosts by Evoking Nest-Leaving Behavior: Variation under Different Levels of Parasitism |
| title_sort | female cuckoo calls deceive their hosts by evoking nest leaving behavior variation under different levels of parasitism |
| topic | anti-parasite strategy anti-predator behavior avian brood parasitism parasitic strategy vocal mimicry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1990 |
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