Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs
Five types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with averag...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/6/124 |
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| author | Yin-E Liu Xiao-Jun Luo Ke-Lan Guan Chen-Chen Huang Xue-Meng Qi Yan-Hong Zeng Bi-Xian Mai |
| author_facet | Yin-E Liu Xiao-Jun Luo Ke-Lan Guan Chen-Chen Huang Xue-Meng Qi Yan-Hong Zeng Bi-Xian Mai |
| author_sort | Yin-E Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Five types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with average total concentrations of 1.4–13 ng/g ww and 858–5503 ng/g ww in black-spotted frogs, 3.6–46 ng/g ww and 355–3504 ng/g ww in bullfrogs. Significant differences in pollutant concentrations among different tissues in the two frog species were found, indicating the specific selectivity distribution of PFRs and plasticizers. Overall, liver tissues exhibited significantly higher pollutant concentrations. The pollutant concentration ratios of other tissue to the sum of liver tissue and other tissues (OLR, <i>C</i><sub>other</sub>/(<i>C</i><sub>other</sub> + <i>C</i><sub>liver</sub>)) corresponding to male frogs were significantly greater than those of females, suggesting that male frogs could have higher metabolic potentials for PFRs and plasticizers. No obvious correlations between OLR and log <i>K</i><sub>OW</sub> were found, indicating that the other factors (e.g., bioaccumulation pathway and metabolism) besides lipophicity could influence the deposition of PFRs and plasticizers in frog livers. Different parental transfer patterns for PFRs and plasticizers were observed in frogs when using different tissues as parental tissues. Moreover, the liver tissues had similar parental transfer mechanism with muscle tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:51:29Z |
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| id | doaj.art-338f833f8d6540d29b56a664e61921f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-338f833f8d6540d29b56a664e61921f92023-11-21T22:11:04ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-05-019612410.3390/toxics9060124Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in FrogsYin-E Liu0Xiao-Jun Luo1Ke-Lan Guan2Chen-Chen Huang3Xue-Meng Qi4Yan-Hong Zeng5Bi-Xian Mai6State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaFive types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with average total concentrations of 1.4–13 ng/g ww and 858–5503 ng/g ww in black-spotted frogs, 3.6–46 ng/g ww and 355–3504 ng/g ww in bullfrogs. Significant differences in pollutant concentrations among different tissues in the two frog species were found, indicating the specific selectivity distribution of PFRs and plasticizers. Overall, liver tissues exhibited significantly higher pollutant concentrations. The pollutant concentration ratios of other tissue to the sum of liver tissue and other tissues (OLR, <i>C</i><sub>other</sub>/(<i>C</i><sub>other</sub> + <i>C</i><sub>liver</sub>)) corresponding to male frogs were significantly greater than those of females, suggesting that male frogs could have higher metabolic potentials for PFRs and plasticizers. No obvious correlations between OLR and log <i>K</i><sub>OW</sub> were found, indicating that the other factors (e.g., bioaccumulation pathway and metabolism) besides lipophicity could influence the deposition of PFRs and plasticizers in frog livers. Different parental transfer patterns for PFRs and plasticizers were observed in frogs when using different tissues as parental tissues. Moreover, the liver tissues had similar parental transfer mechanism with muscle tissues.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/6/124organophosphorus flame retardantsplasticizerstissue-specific accumulationfrog |
| spellingShingle | Yin-E Liu Xiao-Jun Luo Ke-Lan Guan Chen-Chen Huang Xue-Meng Qi Yan-Hong Zeng Bi-Xian Mai Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs Toxics organophosphorus flame retardants plasticizers tissue-specific accumulation frog |
| title | Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs |
| title_full | Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs |
| title_fullStr | Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs |
| title_short | Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs |
| title_sort | tissue specific distribution of legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in frogs |
| topic | organophosphorus flame retardants plasticizers tissue-specific accumulation frog |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/6/124 |
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