Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice
Context. During the late 1990s, insecticide resistance had rendered a number of treatment products ineffective; some companies saw this as an opportunity to develop alternative types of treatment. We investigated the possibility that a surfactant-based lotion containing 10% cocamide diethanolamine (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2015-11-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/1368.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797418856510128128 |
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| author | Ian F. Burgess Elizabeth R. Brunton Christine M. Brown |
| author_facet | Ian F. Burgess Elizabeth R. Brunton Christine M. Brown |
| author_sort | Ian F. Burgess |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context. During the late 1990s, insecticide resistance had rendered a number of treatment products ineffective; some companies saw this as an opportunity to develop alternative types of treatment. We investigated the possibility that a surfactant-based lotion containing 10% cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA) was effective to eliminate head louse infestation.Settings and Design. Initial in vitro testing of the lotion formulation versus laboratory reared body/clothing lice, followed by two randomised, controlled, community-based, assessor blinded, clinical studies.Materials and Methods. Preliminary laboratory tests were performed by exposing lice or louse eggs to the product using a method that mimicked the intended use. Clinical Study 1: Children and adults with confirmed head louse infestation were treated by investigators using a single application of aqueous 10% cocamide DEA lotion applied for 60 min followed by shampooing or a single 1% permethrin creme rinse treatment applied to pre-washed hair for 10 min. Clinical Study 2: Compared two treatment regimens using 10% cocamide DEA lotion that was concentrated by hair drying. A single application left on for 8 h/overnight was compared with two applications 7 days apart of 2 h duration, followed by a shampoo wash.Results. The initial laboratory tests showed a pediculicidal effect for a 60 min application but limited ovicidal effect. A longer application time of 8 h or overnight was found capable of killing all eggs but this differed between batches of test material. Clinical Study 1: Both treatments performed badly with only 3/23 (13%) successful treatments using cocamide DEA and 5/25 (23.8%) using permethrin. Clinical Study 2: The single overnight application of cocamide DEA concentrated by hair drying gave 10/56 (17.9%) successes compared with 19/56 (33.9%) for the 2 h application regimen repeated after 1 week. Intention to treat analysis showed no significant difference (p = 0.0523) between the treatments. Over the two studies, there were 18 adverse events possibly or probably associated with treatment, most of which were increased pruritus after treatment.Conclusions. Cocamide DEA 10% lotion, even when concentrated by hair drying, showed limited activity to eliminate head louse infestation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:39:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33973f355d29456eac074c2751c42708 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:39:01Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-33973f355d29456eac074c2751c427082023-12-03T10:53:51ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592015-11-013e136810.7717/peerj.1368Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head liceIan F. Burgess0Elizabeth R. Brunton1Christine M. Brown2Medical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, United KingdomMedical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, United KingdomMedical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, United KingdomContext. During the late 1990s, insecticide resistance had rendered a number of treatment products ineffective; some companies saw this as an opportunity to develop alternative types of treatment. We investigated the possibility that a surfactant-based lotion containing 10% cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA) was effective to eliminate head louse infestation.Settings and Design. Initial in vitro testing of the lotion formulation versus laboratory reared body/clothing lice, followed by two randomised, controlled, community-based, assessor blinded, clinical studies.Materials and Methods. Preliminary laboratory tests were performed by exposing lice or louse eggs to the product using a method that mimicked the intended use. Clinical Study 1: Children and adults with confirmed head louse infestation were treated by investigators using a single application of aqueous 10% cocamide DEA lotion applied for 60 min followed by shampooing or a single 1% permethrin creme rinse treatment applied to pre-washed hair for 10 min. Clinical Study 2: Compared two treatment regimens using 10% cocamide DEA lotion that was concentrated by hair drying. A single application left on for 8 h/overnight was compared with two applications 7 days apart of 2 h duration, followed by a shampoo wash.Results. The initial laboratory tests showed a pediculicidal effect for a 60 min application but limited ovicidal effect. A longer application time of 8 h or overnight was found capable of killing all eggs but this differed between batches of test material. Clinical Study 1: Both treatments performed badly with only 3/23 (13%) successful treatments using cocamide DEA and 5/25 (23.8%) using permethrin. Clinical Study 2: The single overnight application of cocamide DEA concentrated by hair drying gave 10/56 (17.9%) successes compared with 19/56 (33.9%) for the 2 h application regimen repeated after 1 week. Intention to treat analysis showed no significant difference (p = 0.0523) between the treatments. Over the two studies, there were 18 adverse events possibly or probably associated with treatment, most of which were increased pruritus after treatment.Conclusions. Cocamide DEA 10% lotion, even when concentrated by hair drying, showed limited activity to eliminate head louse infestation.https://peerj.com/articles/1368.pdfPediculosis capitisPediculicideSurfactantRandomized trialTreatment regimen |
| spellingShingle | Ian F. Burgess Elizabeth R. Brunton Christine M. Brown Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice PeerJ Pediculosis capitis Pediculicide Surfactant Randomized trial Treatment regimen |
| title | Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice |
| title_full | Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice |
| title_fullStr | Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice |
| title_short | Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice |
| title_sort | laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice |
| topic | Pediculosis capitis Pediculicide Surfactant Randomized trial Treatment regimen |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/1368.pdf |
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