A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation
In the attempt to process lower-grade ores, mineral flotation has taken centre stage as the preferred recovery route. However, in many instances, the froth product does not have a high grade due to the entrainment of gangue minerals. Industry has solved this challenge by introducing froth washing me...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1462 |
| _version_ | 1797464477299376128 |
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| author | Tawona Martin Jera Clayton Bhondayi |
| author_facet | Tawona Martin Jera Clayton Bhondayi |
| author_sort | Tawona Martin Jera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the attempt to process lower-grade ores, mineral flotation has taken centre stage as the preferred recovery route. However, in many instances, the froth product does not have a high grade due to the entrainment of gangue minerals. Industry has solved this challenge by introducing froth washing mechanisms. Clean wash water is introduced into or on top of the froth to reduce the amount of entrained gangue in the final concentrate. This article reviews froth-washing systems in detail and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each wash-water delivery mechanism. Comments on industrial uptake are provided. The indications are that froth washing improves the grade of the concentrate and influences froth stability and mobility. Other researchers have reported an improvement in recovery—especially of coarse particles—with wash water being added, while others have reported a reduction in recovery, especially with composite particles. Froth washing is generally applied in mechanical flotation cells by washing at the lip. In column flotation cells and Jameson cells, wash water is added to the entire froth surface. The literature also indicates that the wash-water rate, wash-water quality, type of wash-water delivery/ distribution mechanism and the area covered by wash water are critical parameters that dictate the efficacy of the washing system. Further research is necessary on the impact of wash-water quality on the froth phase sub-processes including froth rheology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:07:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3398c056092d460e9ce2dd8eddcae0b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:07:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3398c056092d460e9ce2dd8eddcae0b62023-11-24T09:18:44ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-11-011211146210.3390/min12111462A Review on Froth Washing in FlotationTawona Martin Jera0Clayton Bhondayi1Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida P.O. Box 392, South AfricaInstitute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida P.O. Box 392, South AfricaIn the attempt to process lower-grade ores, mineral flotation has taken centre stage as the preferred recovery route. However, in many instances, the froth product does not have a high grade due to the entrainment of gangue minerals. Industry has solved this challenge by introducing froth washing mechanisms. Clean wash water is introduced into or on top of the froth to reduce the amount of entrained gangue in the final concentrate. This article reviews froth-washing systems in detail and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each wash-water delivery mechanism. Comments on industrial uptake are provided. The indications are that froth washing improves the grade of the concentrate and influences froth stability and mobility. Other researchers have reported an improvement in recovery—especially of coarse particles—with wash water being added, while others have reported a reduction in recovery, especially with composite particles. Froth washing is generally applied in mechanical flotation cells by washing at the lip. In column flotation cells and Jameson cells, wash water is added to the entire froth surface. The literature also indicates that the wash-water rate, wash-water quality, type of wash-water delivery/ distribution mechanism and the area covered by wash water are critical parameters that dictate the efficacy of the washing system. Further research is necessary on the impact of wash-water quality on the froth phase sub-processes including froth rheology.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1462froth washingentrainmentwash waterfroth stabilityfroth flotationfroth phase |
| spellingShingle | Tawona Martin Jera Clayton Bhondayi A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation Minerals froth washing entrainment wash water froth stability froth flotation froth phase |
| title | A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation |
| title_full | A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation |
| title_fullStr | A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation |
| title_short | A Review on Froth Washing in Flotation |
| title_sort | review on froth washing in flotation |
| topic | froth washing entrainment wash water froth stability froth flotation froth phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1462 |
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