<i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity
<i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. (Lamiaceae) is found in different parts of Iran. Its essential oil and preparations regulate bile function and are used as a stomach tonic and disinfectant. This study investigates the morphological and essential oil diversity of <i>M. aquatica</i> p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2277 |
| _version_ | 1797476180348108800 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam Ahmad Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Mohammad Asadi Farzad Rasouli Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Agnieszka Najda |
| author_facet | Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam Ahmad Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Mohammad Asadi Farzad Rasouli Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Agnieszka Najda |
| author_sort | Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. (Lamiaceae) is found in different parts of Iran. Its essential oil and preparations regulate bile function and are used as a stomach tonic and disinfectant. This study investigates the morphological and essential oil diversity of <i>M. aquatica</i> populations from the Hyrcanian hotspot of Iran. Plant samples were collected from Gilan, Golestan, and Mazandaran provinces in the Caspian Region for analysis. The results showed significant differences among the studied ecotypes for the stem diameter, collar diameter, number of inflorescences, length and width of inflorescence, sepal diameter, sepal length, and secondary stem length number. Principal component analysis showed that the first seven principal components explained 90.6% of the total variation. Moreover, essential oil concentration varied widely from 1.13% for a sample from Behshahr-Mazandaran, down to 0.27% for one from Abbas abad-Mazandaran. GC–MS analysis identified 29 constituents that accounted for 91% of the total essential oil. The main components of the essential oil were menthofuran (13.21–52.46%), 1,8-cineole (12.42–25.55%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.18–15.43%), viridiflorol (1.04–11.16%), germacrene D (1.70–8.29%), caryophyllene oxide (0.51–4.96%), neryl acetate (1.11–4.95%), p-cymene (1.55–4.77%), and β-pinene (1.7–3.45%). Overall, meaningful diversity was recorded among the populations; Rahimabad-Gilan and Behshahr-Mazandaran would be reliable selections for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their higher yields and content of <i>α</i>-pinene, 1, 8-cineole, menthofuran, viridiflorol, and β-caryophyllene. Further evaluation of populations from diverse habitats is needed to guide future breeding programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:54:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-339c8159da2b4cd59712ad8bf9c49e67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:54:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-339c8159da2b4cd59712ad8bf9c49e672023-11-23T22:24:19ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-011210227710.3390/agronomy12102277<i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological DiversityMohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam0Ahmad Mohammadzadeh1Mohammad Reza Morshedloo2Mohammad Asadi3Farzad Rasouli4Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani5Agnieszka Najda6Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, IranDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, IranDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, IranDepartment of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20-280 Lublin, Poland<i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. (Lamiaceae) is found in different parts of Iran. Its essential oil and preparations regulate bile function and are used as a stomach tonic and disinfectant. This study investigates the morphological and essential oil diversity of <i>M. aquatica</i> populations from the Hyrcanian hotspot of Iran. Plant samples were collected from Gilan, Golestan, and Mazandaran provinces in the Caspian Region for analysis. The results showed significant differences among the studied ecotypes for the stem diameter, collar diameter, number of inflorescences, length and width of inflorescence, sepal diameter, sepal length, and secondary stem length number. Principal component analysis showed that the first seven principal components explained 90.6% of the total variation. Moreover, essential oil concentration varied widely from 1.13% for a sample from Behshahr-Mazandaran, down to 0.27% for one from Abbas abad-Mazandaran. GC–MS analysis identified 29 constituents that accounted for 91% of the total essential oil. The main components of the essential oil were menthofuran (13.21–52.46%), 1,8-cineole (12.42–25.55%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.18–15.43%), viridiflorol (1.04–11.16%), germacrene D (1.70–8.29%), caryophyllene oxide (0.51–4.96%), neryl acetate (1.11–4.95%), p-cymene (1.55–4.77%), and β-pinene (1.7–3.45%). Overall, meaningful diversity was recorded among the populations; Rahimabad-Gilan and Behshahr-Mazandaran would be reliable selections for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their higher yields and content of <i>α</i>-pinene, 1, 8-cineole, menthofuran, viridiflorol, and β-caryophyllene. Further evaluation of populations from diverse habitats is needed to guide future breeding programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2277water mintprincipal component analysisessential oil contentmenthofuran |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam Ahmad Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Mohammad Asadi Farzad Rasouli Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Agnieszka Najda <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity Agronomy water mint principal component analysis essential oil content menthofuran |
| title | <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity |
| title_full | <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity |
| title_fullStr | <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity |
| title_short | <i>Mentha aquatica</i> L. Populations from the Hyrcanian Hotspot: Volatile Oil Profiles and Morphological Diversity |
| title_sort | i mentha aquatica i l populations from the hyrcanian hotspot volatile oil profiles and morphological diversity |
| topic | water mint principal component analysis essential oil content menthofuran |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2277 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadbagherhassanpouraghdam imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity AT ahmadmohammadzadeh imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity AT mohammadrezamorshedloo imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity AT mohammadasadi imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity AT farzadrasouli imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity AT lamiavojodimehrabani imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity AT agnieszkanajda imenthaaquaticailpopulationsfromthehyrcanianhotspotvolatileoilprofilesandmorphologicaldiversity |