Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a common vascular disease with long-term consequences for the brain. Although CAS is strongly associated with impaired cerebral hemodynamics and neurodegeneration, the mechanisms underlying hemodynamic impairment in the microvasculature remain unknown. In this work,...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| author | Andrés Quiroga Sergio Novi Giovani Martins Luis Felipe Bortoletto Wagner Avelar Ana Terezinha Guillaumon Li Min Li Fernando Cendes Rickson C. Mesquita |
| author_facet | Andrés Quiroga Sergio Novi Giovani Martins Luis Felipe Bortoletto Wagner Avelar Ana Terezinha Guillaumon Li Min Li Fernando Cendes Rickson C. Mesquita |
| author_sort | Andrés Quiroga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a common vascular disease with long-term consequences for the brain. Although CAS is strongly associated with impaired cerebral hemodynamics and neurodegeneration, the mechanisms underlying hemodynamic impairment in the microvasculature remain unknown. In this work, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to introduce a methodological approach for quantifying the temporal delay of the evoked hemodynamic response. The method was validated during a vasodilatory task (breath-holding) in 50 CAS patients and 20 controls. Our results suggest that the hemodynamic response to breath-holding can be delayed by up to 6 s in the most severe patients, a significant increase from the median 4 s measured for the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.01). In addition, the fraction of brain regions that responded to the task decreased as the CAS severity increased, from a median of 90% in controls to 73% in the most severe CAS group (<i>p</i> = 0.04). The presence of collateral circulation increases the response to breath-holding and decreases the average time delays across the brain, although the number of communicating arteries alone cannot predict these fNIRS-based hemodynamic variables (<i>p</i> > 0.09). Overall, this work proposes a method to quantitatively assess impaired cerebral hemodynamics in CAS patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:08:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33a404ec352249c0a09bf02e6699b994 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:08:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-33a404ec352249c0a09bf02e6699b9942023-11-24T09:13:58ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-11-011211115610.3390/metabo12111156Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid AtherosclerosisAndrés Quiroga0Sergio Novi1Giovani Martins2Luis Felipe Bortoletto3Wagner Avelar4Ana Terezinha Guillaumon5Li Min Li6Fernando Cendes7Rickson C. Mesquita8“Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil“Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil“Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil“Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, BrazilBrazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilClinical Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-888, SP, BrazilBrazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilBrazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil“Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, BrazilCarotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a common vascular disease with long-term consequences for the brain. Although CAS is strongly associated with impaired cerebral hemodynamics and neurodegeneration, the mechanisms underlying hemodynamic impairment in the microvasculature remain unknown. In this work, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to introduce a methodological approach for quantifying the temporal delay of the evoked hemodynamic response. The method was validated during a vasodilatory task (breath-holding) in 50 CAS patients and 20 controls. Our results suggest that the hemodynamic response to breath-holding can be delayed by up to 6 s in the most severe patients, a significant increase from the median 4 s measured for the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.01). In addition, the fraction of brain regions that responded to the task decreased as the CAS severity increased, from a median of 90% in controls to 73% in the most severe CAS group (<i>p</i> = 0.04). The presence of collateral circulation increases the response to breath-holding and decreases the average time delays across the brain, although the number of communicating arteries alone cannot predict these fNIRS-based hemodynamic variables (<i>p</i> > 0.09). Overall, this work proposes a method to quantitatively assess impaired cerebral hemodynamics in CAS patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1156carotid artery stenosisfunctional near-infrared spectroscopytissue oxygenationcerebral vasoreactivitybreath-holding |
| spellingShingle | Andrés Quiroga Sergio Novi Giovani Martins Luis Felipe Bortoletto Wagner Avelar Ana Terezinha Guillaumon Li Min Li Fernando Cendes Rickson C. Mesquita Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis Metabolites carotid artery stenosis functional near-infrared spectroscopy tissue oxygenation cerebral vasoreactivity breath-holding |
| title | Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis |
| title_full | Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis |
| title_short | Quantification of the Tissue Oxygenation Delay Induced by Breath-Holding in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis |
| title_sort | quantification of the tissue oxygenation delay induced by breath holding in patients with carotid atherosclerosis |
| topic | carotid artery stenosis functional near-infrared spectroscopy tissue oxygenation cerebral vasoreactivity breath-holding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1156 |
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