Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review
Vegan and vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular. Dietary restrictions may increase the risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review aims to assess iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in industrialised countries. A systematic review and quality as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1606 |
| _version_ | 1797566549639299072 |
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| author | Elizabeth R. Eveleigh Lisa J. Coneyworth Amanda Avery Simon J. M. Welham |
| author_facet | Elizabeth R. Eveleigh Lisa J. Coneyworth Amanda Avery Simon J. M. Welham |
| author_sort | Elizabeth R. Eveleigh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vegan and vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular. Dietary restrictions may increase the risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review aims to assess iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in industrialised countries. A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted in the period May 2019–April 2020 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were identified in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and secondary sources. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Participants included 127,094 adults (aged ≥ 18 years). Vegan groups presented the lowest median urinary iodine concentrations, followed by vegetarians, and did not achieve optimal status. The highest iodine intakes were recorded in female vegans (1448.0 ± 3879.0 µg day<sup>−1</sup>) and the lowest in vegetarians (15.6 ± 21.0 µg day<sup>−1</sup>). Omnivores recorded the greatest intake in 83% of studies. Seaweed contributed largely to diets of vegans with excessive iodine intake. Vegans appear to have increased risk of low iodine status, deficiency and inadequate intake compared with adults following less restrictive diets. Adults following vegan and vegetarian diets living in countries with a high prevalence of deficiency may be more vulnerable. Therefore, further monitoring of iodine status in industrialised countries and research into improving the iodine intake and status of adults following vegan and vegetarian diets is required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:29:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33afefd14c714071bd86033c6aecaf52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:29:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-33afefd14c714071bd86033c6aecaf522023-11-20T02:14:38ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01126160610.3390/nu12061606Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic ReviewElizabeth R. Eveleigh0Lisa J. Coneyworth1Amanda Avery2Simon J. M. Welham3Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UKDivision of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UKDivision of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UKDivision of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UKVegan and vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular. Dietary restrictions may increase the risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review aims to assess iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in industrialised countries. A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted in the period May 2019–April 2020 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were identified in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and secondary sources. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Participants included 127,094 adults (aged ≥ 18 years). Vegan groups presented the lowest median urinary iodine concentrations, followed by vegetarians, and did not achieve optimal status. The highest iodine intakes were recorded in female vegans (1448.0 ± 3879.0 µg day<sup>−1</sup>) and the lowest in vegetarians (15.6 ± 21.0 µg day<sup>−1</sup>). Omnivores recorded the greatest intake in 83% of studies. Seaweed contributed largely to diets of vegans with excessive iodine intake. Vegans appear to have increased risk of low iodine status, deficiency and inadequate intake compared with adults following less restrictive diets. Adults following vegan and vegetarian diets living in countries with a high prevalence of deficiency may be more vulnerable. Therefore, further monitoring of iodine status in industrialised countries and research into improving the iodine intake and status of adults following vegan and vegetarian diets is required.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1606iodine statusiodine intakeiodine deficiencyveganvegetarian |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth R. Eveleigh Lisa J. Coneyworth Amanda Avery Simon J. M. Welham Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review Nutrients iodine status iodine intake iodine deficiency vegan vegetarian |
| title | Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | vegans vegetarians and omnivores how does dietary choice influence iodine intake a systematic review |
| topic | iodine status iodine intake iodine deficiency vegan vegetarian |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1606 |
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