Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics
Discus fish, <i>Symphysodon</i> spp., have a unique parental care strategy where the fry feed on their parents’ skin mucus after hatching. Here, lipidomics was employed to compare the skin mucus lipid profiles of male or female discus fish during parental and non-parental care. By multiv...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/1/27 |
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| author | Shichen Zhao Bin Wen Hua Liang Jianzhong Gao Zaizhong Chen |
| author_facet | Shichen Zhao Bin Wen Hua Liang Jianzhong Gao Zaizhong Chen |
| author_sort | Shichen Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Discus fish, <i>Symphysodon</i> spp., have a unique parental care strategy where the fry feed on their parents’ skin mucus after hatching. Here, lipidomics was employed to compare the skin mucus lipid profiles of male or female discus fish during parental and non-parental care. By multivariate statistical analysis, clear separations were found between parental and non-parental female and between parental and non-parental male discus. In the comparison between female discus in the parental and non-parental stages, a total of 107 differentially expressed lipids (DELs) were observed, of which 23 showed increased levels during parental care. For male discus, a total of 108 DELs were found, of which 46 displayed increased levels during parental care. The main DELs were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, mainly involved in arachidonic acid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Further, by comparing parental male and female discus, we found 47 DELs involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Diglyceride showed a higher concentration in the skin mucus of parental females, while phospholipids showed a higher level in that of parental males. Our results revealed changes in the skin mucus lipid profiles of discus fish during parental care, as well as sex-dependent differences between parental fish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:57:02Z |
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| id | doaj.art-33b73320247a4e06b79938780d1b1057 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:57:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-33b73320247a4e06b79938780d1b10572024-01-26T16:24:28ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882024-01-01912710.3390/fishes9010027Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by LipidomicsShichen Zhao0Bin Wen1Hua Liang2Jianzhong Gao3Zaizhong Chen4Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, ChinaKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDiscus fish, <i>Symphysodon</i> spp., have a unique parental care strategy where the fry feed on their parents’ skin mucus after hatching. Here, lipidomics was employed to compare the skin mucus lipid profiles of male or female discus fish during parental and non-parental care. By multivariate statistical analysis, clear separations were found between parental and non-parental female and between parental and non-parental male discus. In the comparison between female discus in the parental and non-parental stages, a total of 107 differentially expressed lipids (DELs) were observed, of which 23 showed increased levels during parental care. For male discus, a total of 108 DELs were found, of which 46 displayed increased levels during parental care. The main DELs were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, mainly involved in arachidonic acid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Further, by comparing parental male and female discus, we found 47 DELs involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Diglyceride showed a higher concentration in the skin mucus of parental females, while phospholipids showed a higher level in that of parental males. Our results revealed changes in the skin mucus lipid profiles of discus fish during parental care, as well as sex-dependent differences between parental fish.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/1/27discus fishlipidomicsskin mucusparental care |
| spellingShingle | Shichen Zhao Bin Wen Hua Liang Jianzhong Gao Zaizhong Chen Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics Fishes discus fish lipidomics skin mucus parental care |
| title | Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics |
| title_full | Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics |
| title_fullStr | Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics |
| title_short | Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (<i>Symphysodon haraldi</i>) Determined by Lipidomics |
| title_sort | sex dependent lipid profile differences in skin mucus between non parental and parental discus fish i symphysodon haraldi i determined by lipidomics |
| topic | discus fish lipidomics skin mucus parental care |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/1/27 |
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