Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism
The prevalence of lethal viral infections necessitates the innovation of novel disinfection techniques for contaminated surfaces, air, and wastewater as significant transmission media of disease. The instigated research has led to the development of photocatalysis as an effective renewable solar-dri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1448 |
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| author | Vasudha Hasija Shilpa Patial Pardeep Singh Van-Huy Nguyen Quyet Van Le Vijay Kumar Thakur Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Chao-Wei Huang Sourbh Thakur Pankaj Raizada |
| author_facet | Vasudha Hasija Shilpa Patial Pardeep Singh Van-Huy Nguyen Quyet Van Le Vijay Kumar Thakur Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Chao-Wei Huang Sourbh Thakur Pankaj Raizada |
| author_sort | Vasudha Hasija |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of lethal viral infections necessitates the innovation of novel disinfection techniques for contaminated surfaces, air, and wastewater as significant transmission media of disease. The instigated research has led to the development of photocatalysis as an effective renewable solar-driven technology relying on the reactive oxidative species, mainly hydroxyl (OH<sup>●</sup>) and superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>●</sup><sup>−</sup>) radicals, for rupturing the capsid shell of the virus and loss of pathogenicity. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), which possesses a visible light active bandgap structure, low toxicity, and high thermal stability, has recently attracted attention for viral inactivation. In addition, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalysts have also experienced a renaissance in many domains, including environment, energy conversion, and biomedical applications. Herein, we discuss the three aspects of the antiviral mechanism, intending to highlight the advantages of photocatalysis over traditional viral disinfection techniques. The sole agenda of the review is to summarize the significant research on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalysts for viral inactivation by reactive oxidative species generation. An evaluation of the photocatalysis operational parameters affecting viral inactivation kinetics is presented. An overview of the prevailing challenges and sustainable solutions is presented to fill in the existing knowledge gaps. Given the merits of graphitic carbon nitride and the heterogeneous photocatalytic viral inactivation mechanism, we hope that further research will contribute to preventing the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic and future calamities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:30:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33bcb9ba69c343bfa87731495c67b06b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:30:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-33bcb9ba69c343bfa87731495c67b06b2023-11-23T04:09:08ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-11-011112144810.3390/catal11121448Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and MechanismVasudha Hasija0Shilpa Patial1Pardeep Singh2Van-Huy Nguyen3Quyet Van Le4Vijay Kumar Thakur5Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain6Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian7Chao-Wei Huang8Sourbh Thakur9Pankaj Raizada10School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaSchool of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaSchool of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaFaculty of Biotechnology, Binh Duong University, Thu Dau Mot 820000, VietnamDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, KoreaBiorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USADepartment of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, TaiwanDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandSchool of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaThe prevalence of lethal viral infections necessitates the innovation of novel disinfection techniques for contaminated surfaces, air, and wastewater as significant transmission media of disease. The instigated research has led to the development of photocatalysis as an effective renewable solar-driven technology relying on the reactive oxidative species, mainly hydroxyl (OH<sup>●</sup>) and superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>●</sup><sup>−</sup>) radicals, for rupturing the capsid shell of the virus and loss of pathogenicity. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), which possesses a visible light active bandgap structure, low toxicity, and high thermal stability, has recently attracted attention for viral inactivation. In addition, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalysts have also experienced a renaissance in many domains, including environment, energy conversion, and biomedical applications. Herein, we discuss the three aspects of the antiviral mechanism, intending to highlight the advantages of photocatalysis over traditional viral disinfection techniques. The sole agenda of the review is to summarize the significant research on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalysts for viral inactivation by reactive oxidative species generation. An evaluation of the photocatalysis operational parameters affecting viral inactivation kinetics is presented. An overview of the prevailing challenges and sustainable solutions is presented to fill in the existing knowledge gaps. Given the merits of graphitic carbon nitride and the heterogeneous photocatalytic viral inactivation mechanism, we hope that further research will contribute to preventing the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic and future calamities.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1448viral inactivationphotocatalysisgraphitic carbon nitridehealthcare |
| spellingShingle | Vasudha Hasija Shilpa Patial Pardeep Singh Van-Huy Nguyen Quyet Van Le Vijay Kumar Thakur Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Chao-Wei Huang Sourbh Thakur Pankaj Raizada Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism Catalysts viral inactivation photocatalysis graphitic carbon nitride healthcare |
| title | Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism |
| title_full | Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism |
| title_short | Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism |
| title_sort | photocatalytic inactivation of viruses using graphitic carbon nitride based photocatalysts virucidal performance and mechanism |
| topic | viral inactivation photocatalysis graphitic carbon nitride healthcare |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1448 |
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