The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants

Given their sessile condition, land plants need to integrate environmental cues rapidly and send signal throughout the organism to modify their metabolism accordingly. Small RNA (sRNA) molecules are among the messengers that plant cells use to carry such signals. These molecules originate from fold-...

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Main Authors: Jean-Sébastien eParent, Angel Emilio eMartinez de Alba, Hervé eVaucheret
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2012-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00179/full
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author Jean-Sébastien eParent
Angel Emilio eMartinez de Alba
Hervé eVaucheret
author_facet Jean-Sébastien eParent
Angel Emilio eMartinez de Alba
Hervé eVaucheret
author_sort Jean-Sébastien eParent
collection DOAJ
description Given their sessile condition, land plants need to integrate environmental cues rapidly and send signal throughout the organism to modify their metabolism accordingly. Small RNA (sRNA) molecules are among the messengers that plant cells use to carry such signals. These molecules originate from fold-back stem-loops transcribed from endogenous loci or from perfect double-stranded RNA produced through the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Once produced, sRNAs associate with Argonaute and other proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that executes silencing of complementary RNA molecules. Depending on the nature of the RNA target and the Argonaute protein involved, RISC triggers either DNA methylation and chromatin modification (leading to transcriptional gene silencing, TGS) or RNA cleavage or translational inhibition (leading to post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS). In some cases, sRNAs move to neighboring cells and/or to the vascular tissues for long-distance trafficking. Many genes are involved in the biogenesis of sRNAs and recent studies have shown that both their origin and their protein partners have great influence on their activity and range. Here we summarize the work done to uncover the mode of action of the different classes of small RNA with special emphasis on their movement and how plants can take advantage of their mobility. We also review the various genetic requirements needed for production, movement and perception of the silencing signal.
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spelling doaj.art-33cae9816064402c83bbaf50d1fa1b122022-12-21T18:55:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2012-08-01310.3389/fpls.2012.0017930926The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plantsJean-Sébastien eParent0Angel Emilio eMartinez de Alba1Hervé eVaucheret2Institut Jean-Pierre BourginInstitut Jean-Pierre BourginInstitut Jean-Pierre BourginGiven their sessile condition, land plants need to integrate environmental cues rapidly and send signal throughout the organism to modify their metabolism accordingly. Small RNA (sRNA) molecules are among the messengers that plant cells use to carry such signals. These molecules originate from fold-back stem-loops transcribed from endogenous loci or from perfect double-stranded RNA produced through the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Once produced, sRNAs associate with Argonaute and other proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that executes silencing of complementary RNA molecules. Depending on the nature of the RNA target and the Argonaute protein involved, RISC triggers either DNA methylation and chromatin modification (leading to transcriptional gene silencing, TGS) or RNA cleavage or translational inhibition (leading to post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS). In some cases, sRNAs move to neighboring cells and/or to the vascular tissues for long-distance trafficking. Many genes are involved in the biogenesis of sRNAs and recent studies have shown that both their origin and their protein partners have great influence on their activity and range. Here we summarize the work done to uncover the mode of action of the different classes of small RNA with special emphasis on their movement and how plants can take advantage of their mobility. We also review the various genetic requirements needed for production, movement and perception of the silencing signal.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00179/fullmiRNARNA silencingsiRNAcell-to-cell movementsystemic movement
spellingShingle Jean-Sébastien eParent
Angel Emilio eMartinez de Alba
Hervé eVaucheret
The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants
Frontiers in Plant Science
miRNA
RNA silencing
siRNA
cell-to-cell movement
systemic movement
title The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants
title_full The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants
title_fullStr The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants
title_full_unstemmed The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants
title_short The origin and effect of small RNA signaling in plants
title_sort origin and effect of small rna signaling in plants
topic miRNA
RNA silencing
siRNA
cell-to-cell movement
systemic movement
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2012.00179/full
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