Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins
Oxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/7/1142 |
| _version_ | 1797590085114265600 |
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| author | Christian Schöneich |
| author_facet | Christian Schöneich |
| author_sort | Christian Schöneich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be formulated based on information on impurities and stress factors resulting from manufacturing, transportation and storage. In more detail, this article focusses on autoxidation, metal-catalyzed oxidation, photo-degradation and radicals generated from cavitation as a result of mechanical stress. Emphasis is placed on probable rather than theoretically possible pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33cf521495f245d68896e78d6d247c86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-33cf521495f245d68896e78d6d247c862023-11-18T18:32:01ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2023-07-01137114210.3390/biom13071142Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic ProteinsChristian Schöneich0Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USAOxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be formulated based on information on impurities and stress factors resulting from manufacturing, transportation and storage. In more detail, this article focusses on autoxidation, metal-catalyzed oxidation, photo-degradation and radicals generated from cavitation as a result of mechanical stress. Emphasis is placed on probable rather than theoretically possible pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/7/1142autoxidationFenton reactionfree radicalsmechanismsoxidationphoto-degradation |
| spellingShingle | Christian Schöneich Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins Biomolecules autoxidation Fenton reaction free radicals mechanisms oxidation photo-degradation |
| title | Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins |
| title_full | Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins |
| title_fullStr | Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins |
| title_short | Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins |
| title_sort | primary processes of free radical formation in pharmaceutical formulations of therapeutic proteins |
| topic | autoxidation Fenton reaction free radicals mechanisms oxidation photo-degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/7/1142 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christianschoneich primaryprocessesoffreeradicalformationinpharmaceuticalformulationsoftherapeuticproteins |