<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes
<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> can be isolated from the human urogenital tract. However, its interaction with the host remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of <i>M. hominis</i> infection on primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). Cells were quantifi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/10/1962 |
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| author | Aline Teixeira Amorim Vanesca de Souza Lino Lucas Miranda Marques Davi Jardim Martins Antonio Carlos Ricardo Braga Junior Guilherme Barreto Campos Caline Novais Teixeira Oliveira Enrique Boccardo Jorge Timenetsky |
| author_facet | Aline Teixeira Amorim Vanesca de Souza Lino Lucas Miranda Marques Davi Jardim Martins Antonio Carlos Ricardo Braga Junior Guilherme Barreto Campos Caline Novais Teixeira Oliveira Enrique Boccardo Jorge Timenetsky |
| author_sort | Aline Teixeira Amorim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> can be isolated from the human urogenital tract. However, its interaction with the host remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of <i>M. hominis</i> infection on primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). Cells were quantified at different phases of the cell cycle. Proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis progression were evaluated. The expression of genes encoding proteins that are associated with the DNA damage response and Toll-like receptor pathways was evaluated, and the cytokines involved in inflammatory responses were quantified. A greater number of keratinocytes were observed in the Sub-G0/G1 phase after infection with <i>M. hominis</i>. In the viable keratinocytes, infection resulted in G2/M-phase arrest; GADD45A expression was increased, as was the expression of proteins such as p53, p27, and p21 and others involved in apoptosis regulation and oxidative stress. In infected PHKs, the expression of genes associated with the Toll-like receptor pathways showed a change, and the production of IFN-γ, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-18, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha increased. The infection of PHKs by <i>M. hominis</i> causes cellular damage that can affect the cell cycle by activating the response pathways to cellular damage, oxidative stress, and Toll-like receptors. Overall, this response culminated in the reduction of cell proliferation/viability in vitro. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:45:09Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:45:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-33d1846df1ce457aaa6f5239b526f2f12023-11-24T01:26:09ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-10-011010196210.3390/microorganisms10101962<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human KeratinocytesAline Teixeira Amorim0Vanesca de Souza Lino1Lucas Miranda Marques2Davi Jardim Martins3Antonio Carlos Ricardo Braga Junior4Guilherme Barreto Campos5Caline Novais Teixeira Oliveira6Enrique Boccardo7Jorge Timenetsky8Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilMultidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilMultidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, BrazilMultidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, BrazilMultidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> can be isolated from the human urogenital tract. However, its interaction with the host remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of <i>M. hominis</i> infection on primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). Cells were quantified at different phases of the cell cycle. Proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis progression were evaluated. The expression of genes encoding proteins that are associated with the DNA damage response and Toll-like receptor pathways was evaluated, and the cytokines involved in inflammatory responses were quantified. A greater number of keratinocytes were observed in the Sub-G0/G1 phase after infection with <i>M. hominis</i>. In the viable keratinocytes, infection resulted in G2/M-phase arrest; GADD45A expression was increased, as was the expression of proteins such as p53, p27, and p21 and others involved in apoptosis regulation and oxidative stress. In infected PHKs, the expression of genes associated with the Toll-like receptor pathways showed a change, and the production of IFN-γ, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-18, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha increased. The infection of PHKs by <i>M. hominis</i> causes cellular damage that can affect the cell cycle by activating the response pathways to cellular damage, oxidative stress, and Toll-like receptors. Overall, this response culminated in the reduction of cell proliferation/viability in vitro.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/10/1962<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i>primary human keratinocytesDNA damagecell cycleapoptosisToll-like receptor |
| spellingShingle | Aline Teixeira Amorim Vanesca de Souza Lino Lucas Miranda Marques Davi Jardim Martins Antonio Carlos Ricardo Braga Junior Guilherme Barreto Campos Caline Novais Teixeira Oliveira Enrique Boccardo Jorge Timenetsky <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes Microorganisms <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> primary human keratinocytes DNA damage cell cycle apoptosis Toll-like receptor |
| title | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes |
| title_full | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes |
| title_fullStr | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes |
| title_short | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes |
| title_sort | i mycoplasma hominis i causes dna damage and cell death in primary human keratinocytes |
| topic | <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> primary human keratinocytes DNA damage cell cycle apoptosis Toll-like receptor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/10/1962 |
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