Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
Melanomas have increased in global incidence and are the leading cause of skin cancer deaths. Whilst the majority of early-stage, non-metastatic melanomas can be cured with surgical excision alone, ~5% of patients with early melanomas will experience recurrence following a variable disease-free inte...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.873728/full |
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author | Nancy Huang Katie J. Lee Mitchell S. Stark |
author_facet | Nancy Huang Katie J. Lee Mitchell S. Stark |
author_sort | Nancy Huang |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Melanomas have increased in global incidence and are the leading cause of skin cancer deaths. Whilst the majority of early-stage, non-metastatic melanomas can be cured with surgical excision alone, ~5% of patients with early melanomas will experience recurrence following a variable disease-free interval and progression to metastatic melanoma and ultimately death. This is likely because of primary tumor heterogeneity and progressive clonal divergency resulting in the growth of more aggressive tumor populations. Liquid biomarkers have the advantage of real-time, non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of tumor burden and heterogeneity over tissue markers. Currently, the only serological marker used in the staging and monitoring of melanoma is serum lactate dehydrogenase, which is not sufficiently specific or sensitive, and is not used routinely in all centers. An ideal melanoma biomarker would be used to identify patients who are at high-risk of primary melanoma, screen for relapse, detect early-stage melanoma, provide treatment outcomes to personalize systemic treatment, follow tumor heterogeneity, provide prognostic data before, during and after treatment, and monitor response to treatment. This review provides a summary of the current research in this field with a specific focus on circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and extracellular vesicles which may serve to suit these goals. |
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institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2296-858X |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:12:00Z |
publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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spelling | doaj.art-33dd9f70eceb4901bd97fcc8d9b445252022-12-22T03:03:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-04-01910.3389/fmed.2022.873728873728Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma DetectionNancy HuangKatie J. LeeMitchell S. StarkMelanomas have increased in global incidence and are the leading cause of skin cancer deaths. Whilst the majority of early-stage, non-metastatic melanomas can be cured with surgical excision alone, ~5% of patients with early melanomas will experience recurrence following a variable disease-free interval and progression to metastatic melanoma and ultimately death. This is likely because of primary tumor heterogeneity and progressive clonal divergency resulting in the growth of more aggressive tumor populations. Liquid biomarkers have the advantage of real-time, non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of tumor burden and heterogeneity over tissue markers. Currently, the only serological marker used in the staging and monitoring of melanoma is serum lactate dehydrogenase, which is not sufficiently specific or sensitive, and is not used routinely in all centers. An ideal melanoma biomarker would be used to identify patients who are at high-risk of primary melanoma, screen for relapse, detect early-stage melanoma, provide treatment outcomes to personalize systemic treatment, follow tumor heterogeneity, provide prognostic data before, during and after treatment, and monitor response to treatment. This review provides a summary of the current research in this field with a specific focus on circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and extracellular vesicles which may serve to suit these goals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.873728/fullmelanomabiomarkerCTC (circulation tumor cells)ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA)miRNA—microRNAextracellular vesicles (EVs) |
spellingShingle | Nancy Huang Katie J. Lee Mitchell S. Stark Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection Frontiers in Medicine melanoma biomarker CTC (circulation tumor cells) ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA) miRNA—microRNA extracellular vesicles (EVs) |
title | Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection |
title_full | Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection |
title_fullStr | Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection |
title_short | Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection |
title_sort | current trends in circulating biomarkers for melanoma detection |
topic | melanoma biomarker CTC (circulation tumor cells) ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA) miRNA—microRNA extracellular vesicles (EVs) |
url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.873728/full |
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