Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody immunodeficiency, characterized by reduced serum levels of IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. The vast majority of CVID patients have polygenic inheritance. Immune dysfunction in CVID can frequently involve the gastrointestin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.712915/full |
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| author | Gilda Varricchi Gilda Varricchi Gilda Varricchi Remo Poto Remo Poto Gianluca Ianiro Alessandra Punziano Alessandra Punziano Gianni Marone Gianni Marone Gianni Marone Antonio Gasbarrini Giuseppe Spadaro Giuseppe Spadaro |
| author_facet | Gilda Varricchi Gilda Varricchi Gilda Varricchi Remo Poto Remo Poto Gianluca Ianiro Alessandra Punziano Alessandra Punziano Gianni Marone Gianni Marone Gianni Marone Antonio Gasbarrini Giuseppe Spadaro Giuseppe Spadaro |
| author_sort | Gilda Varricchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody immunodeficiency, characterized by reduced serum levels of IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. The vast majority of CVID patients have polygenic inheritance. Immune dysfunction in CVID can frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Few studies have started to investigate the gut microbiota profile in CVID patients. Overall, the results suggest that in CVID patients there is a reduction of alpha and beta diversity compared to controls. In addition, these patients can exhibit increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and markers (sCD14 and sCD25) of systemic immune cell activation. CVID patients with enteropathy exhibit decreased IgA expression in duodenal tissue. Mouse models for CVID unsatisfactorily recapitulate the polygenic causes of human CVID. The molecular pathways by which gut microbiota contribute to systemic inflammation and possibly tumorigenesis in CVID patients remain poorly understood. Several fundamental questions concerning the relationships between gut microbiota and the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders or cancer in CVID patients remain unanswered. Moreover, it is unknown whether it is possible to modify the microbiome and the outcome of CVID patients through specific therapeutic interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:10:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33de9b0f95004e0f88c22e5a0fc9a00a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:10:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-33de9b0f95004e0f88c22e5a0fc9a00a2022-12-21T22:25:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-08-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.712915712915Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding QuestionsGilda Varricchi0Gilda Varricchi1Gilda Varricchi2Remo Poto3Remo Poto4Gianluca Ianiro5Alessandra Punziano6Alessandra Punziano7Gianni Marone8Gianni Marone9Gianni Marone10Antonio Gasbarrini11Giuseppe Spadaro12Giuseppe Spadaro13Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyInstitute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyInstitute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody immunodeficiency, characterized by reduced serum levels of IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. The vast majority of CVID patients have polygenic inheritance. Immune dysfunction in CVID can frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Few studies have started to investigate the gut microbiota profile in CVID patients. Overall, the results suggest that in CVID patients there is a reduction of alpha and beta diversity compared to controls. In addition, these patients can exhibit increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and markers (sCD14 and sCD25) of systemic immune cell activation. CVID patients with enteropathy exhibit decreased IgA expression in duodenal tissue. Mouse models for CVID unsatisfactorily recapitulate the polygenic causes of human CVID. The molecular pathways by which gut microbiota contribute to systemic inflammation and possibly tumorigenesis in CVID patients remain poorly understood. Several fundamental questions concerning the relationships between gut microbiota and the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders or cancer in CVID patients remain unanswered. Moreover, it is unknown whether it is possible to modify the microbiome and the outcome of CVID patients through specific therapeutic interventions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.712915/fullcommon variable immunodeficiencyfecal microbiota transplantationinflammationmucosal immunologymicrobiotaprobiotics |
| spellingShingle | Gilda Varricchi Gilda Varricchi Gilda Varricchi Remo Poto Remo Poto Gianluca Ianiro Alessandra Punziano Alessandra Punziano Gianni Marone Gianni Marone Gianni Marone Antonio Gasbarrini Giuseppe Spadaro Giuseppe Spadaro Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions Frontiers in Immunology common variable immunodeficiency fecal microbiota transplantation inflammation mucosal immunology microbiota probiotics |
| title | Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions |
| title_full | Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions |
| title_short | Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions |
| title_sort | gut microbiome and common variable immunodeficiency few certainties and many outstanding questions |
| topic | common variable immunodeficiency fecal microbiota transplantation inflammation mucosal immunology microbiota probiotics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.712915/full |
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