The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility
Follicular development is a highly coordinated process that in humans takes more than 6 months. Pituitary gonadotropins and a variety of locally produced growth factors and cytokines are involved in determining a precise sequence of changes in cell metabolism, proliferation, vascularization, and mat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02808/full |
| _version_ | 1818909038613626880 |
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| author | Antonella Camaioni Francesca Gioia Klinger Luisa Campagnolo Antonietta Salustri |
| author_facet | Antonella Camaioni Francesca Gioia Klinger Luisa Campagnolo Antonietta Salustri |
| author_sort | Antonella Camaioni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Follicular development is a highly coordinated process that in humans takes more than 6 months. Pituitary gonadotropins and a variety of locally produced growth factors and cytokines are involved in determining a precise sequence of changes in cell metabolism, proliferation, vascularization, and matrix remodeling in order to obtain a follicle with full ovulatory and steroidogenic capability. A low-grade inflammation can alter such processes leading to premature arrest of follicular growth and female reproductive failure. On the other hand, factors that are involved in inflammatory response as well as in innate immunity are physiologically upregulated in the follicle at the final stage of maturation and play an essential role in ovulation and fertilization. The generation of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) deficient mice provided the first evidence that this humoral pattern recognition molecule of the innate immunity has a non-redundant role in female fertility. The expression, localization, and molecular interactions of PTX3 in the periovulatory follicle have been extensively studied in the last 10 years. In this review, we summarize findings demonstrating that PTX3 is synthesized before ovulation by cells surrounding the oocyte and actively participates in the organization of the hyaluronan-rich provisional matrix required for successful fertilization. Data in humans tend to confirm these findings, indicating PTX3 as a biomarker of oocyte quality. Moreover, we discuss the emerging evidence that in humans altered PTX3 systemic levels, determined by genetic variations and/or low-grade chronic inflammation, can also impact the growth and development of the follicle and affect the incidence of ovarian disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:20:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33e0991fb0884526ba0cedbb2ca661fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:20:33Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-33e0991fb0884526ba0cedbb2ca661fb2022-12-21T20:03:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242018-11-01910.3389/fimmu.2018.02808425501The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on FertilityAntonella CamaioniFrancesca Gioia KlingerLuisa CampagnoloAntonietta SalustriFollicular development is a highly coordinated process that in humans takes more than 6 months. Pituitary gonadotropins and a variety of locally produced growth factors and cytokines are involved in determining a precise sequence of changes in cell metabolism, proliferation, vascularization, and matrix remodeling in order to obtain a follicle with full ovulatory and steroidogenic capability. A low-grade inflammation can alter such processes leading to premature arrest of follicular growth and female reproductive failure. On the other hand, factors that are involved in inflammatory response as well as in innate immunity are physiologically upregulated in the follicle at the final stage of maturation and play an essential role in ovulation and fertilization. The generation of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) deficient mice provided the first evidence that this humoral pattern recognition molecule of the innate immunity has a non-redundant role in female fertility. The expression, localization, and molecular interactions of PTX3 in the periovulatory follicle have been extensively studied in the last 10 years. In this review, we summarize findings demonstrating that PTX3 is synthesized before ovulation by cells surrounding the oocyte and actively participates in the organization of the hyaluronan-rich provisional matrix required for successful fertilization. Data in humans tend to confirm these findings, indicating PTX3 as a biomarker of oocyte quality. Moreover, we discuss the emerging evidence that in humans altered PTX3 systemic levels, determined by genetic variations and/or low-grade chronic inflammation, can also impact the growth and development of the follicle and affect the incidence of ovarian disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02808/fullPTX3fertilityPCOSovarian disorderstheca cellsfollicle growth |
| spellingShingle | Antonella Camaioni Francesca Gioia Klinger Luisa Campagnolo Antonietta Salustri The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility Frontiers in Immunology PTX3 fertility PCOS ovarian disorders theca cells follicle growth |
| title | The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility |
| title_full | The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility |
| title_short | The Influence of Pentraxin 3 on the Ovarian Function and Its Impact on Fertility |
| title_sort | influence of pentraxin 3 on the ovarian function and its impact on fertility |
| topic | PTX3 fertility PCOS ovarian disorders theca cells follicle growth |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02808/full |
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